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I. CHALLENGES FACING THE SUPERINTENDENCY.

1. Historical Perspectives.

Introduction.

Administering the Schools in Colonial America and the Early Republic.

From School Master to School Executive.

The Era of Scientific Management.

Democratic Administration and the Human Relations Movement.

Improving the Professional Status of the Superintendent.

The Role of the Superintendent 1954-1982: Issues and Challenges.

The Challenges of Reform in the 1980s and 1990s.

Summary.

Discussion Questions.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.

2. Issues and Problems Facing the Superintendent.

Introduction.

Inadequate Financing.

The Superintendent's Leadership Role in School Reform.

Alternative Governance Structures.

Superintendent and School Board Relations.

The Changing Demographics of Students, Teachers, and Administrators.

Violence and Crime in the Schools.

Increasing Pressures and Challenges from Special Interest Groups.

Summary.

Discussion Questions.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.

3. Leadership Perspectives: The Life of the School Superintendent.

Introduction.

Leadership Perspectives, Professional Identities and Trust.

Preparation for the Superintendency.

Making Sense of the Superintendency.

Establishing Support by Building Bridges.

Opportunities and Obligations.

The Balance of Professional and Personal Roles.

Summary.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.

4. Organizational Culture and School Leadership.

What is Culture?

Can Organizational Culture be Managed?

Culture and the School System.

Summary.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.

5. The New Politics of Education.

Introduction.

The Complexity of School District Governance.

Understanding the Political Landscape.

Politics and Values.

Community Power Structures.

The Public Schools: What and Whose Purposes Are Served?

Special Interest Groups: A Sampler.

Single Purpose Organizations.

The New Face of Public Education.

Knowledge: The Ultimate Source of Power.

Summary.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.

II. THE SHAPING OF THE SUPERINTENDENT'S WORK.

6. The School Superintendent and Board of Education.

Introduction.

Legal Bases for State and District Educational Systems.

The Local Board of Education.

The Superintendent as Chief Executive Officer and Educational Leader in the District.

The Relationships of the School Superintendent and Board.

Evaluation of the Superintendent.

Summary.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.

7. Leadership for Educational Planning.

Introduction.

What is Planning?

The Importance of Planning.

The Strategic Planning Process.

The Operational Planning Process.

The Management of Planned Change.

Summary.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.

8. School District Governance Policy and Regulation Development.

Introduction.

The Evaluation of Educational Goals, Policies and Regulations.

Benefits of Governance Policies and Administrative Regulations.

Differentiation of Governance Policies and Administrative Regulations.

The Organization and Codification of Governance Policies and Administrative Regulations.

How Governance Policies and Administrative Regulations Are Developed.

Summary.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.

9. The Superintendent and the Law.

Introduction.

Management of the District.

Governing Board.

Personnel.

Contract Remedies.

Dismissal of Superintendents.

Emerging Legal Issues.

Charter Schools.

Prayer in the Schools.

Student-to-Student Sexual Harassment.

Sexual Abuse of Students by Teachers and Negligent Supervision and Retention of Personnel.

Special Education Inclusion.

Selected Federal Legislation.

Summary.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.

III. DIMENSIONS OF THE SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENT.

10. Fiscal Responsibilities of the Superintendent.

Introduction.

The Superintendent's Role in Budgeting School District Dollars.

The Management of Decline.

Conducting Successful Budget and Bond Issue Elections.

Summary.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.

11. Leadership for Facility Planning.

Introduction.

The Program and Facilities.

Planning for Facilities.

Constructing of Facilities.

Equipping New Facilities.

Maintenance of Facilities.

Summary.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.

12. Leadership for the Improvement of the Curriculum and Instruction.

Introduction.

The Historical Perspectives to Curriculum Planning.

Influences on Curriculum Development.

Leadership in Instructional Planning.

How Curriculum Planning Interfaces with Strategic Planning.

Centralized vs. Decentralized Curriculum Planning.

Steps in Curriculum Planning.

Where Curriculum and Instruction Fit in School Restructuring.

Program Trends and Issues.

Relating Curriculum Development to the Management of Change.

Summary.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.

13. Working with Employee Groups: Collective Bargaining.

Introduction.

Employee Unions.

The Development of Teachers' Unions and Collective Bargaining in the U.S.

Working Relationships: The School Superintendent and Employee Associations.

The School Superintendent and Collective Bargaining.

Summary.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.

14. Human Resources Administration.

Introduction.

The Human Resources Function in Education.

Human Resources Utilization.

Human Resources Environment.

Human Resources Development.

The School Superintendent's Leadership Role in Human Resources Administration.

Summary.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.

15. The Superintendent Works with Student Personnel.

Introduction.

The Condition of Children and Youth.

The Superintendent and Students.

Organizing Schools to Meet the Needs of Students.

Staffing the School for Student Success.

Allocation of Resources.

Student Safety and Welfare.

Violence in Schools.

Accounting for Student Personnel.

The Nature of Students, Their Rights and Responsibilities.

Planning for the Consequences of Student Misbehavior.

Face-to-Face Involvement with Students.

Summary.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.

16. The School Superintendent Works with School District Publics.

Culture and Community.

Learning about the Community.

Establish a Professional Identity.

Power Structures.

Recognize the Diversity of Publics.

Develop a Communications Plan.

Internal Audiences.

Communicating about Board of Education Actions.

The Superintendent and Internal Audiences.

To Observe and Be Observed.

External Audiences: They Need to Know.

The Superintendent and External Audiences.

Crisis Communication.

Responding to Accusations and Criticisms.

Summary.

Case Studies.

Inbasket Exercise.

Endnotes.