This volume probes the links between population, gender and development, through two distinct sets of conditions, namely individual endowments - the resources that a household will allocate to its women - and the way the productive and reproductive roles of men and women are structured in societies. With the help of theoretical reviews and empirical studies, it illustrates the powerful mediatory effect of gender relations in modifying or reinforcing gender biases. This book is intended for postgraduate students and teachers, NGOs, women's groups, and all those interested in the issues of India's population, gender and development.