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Part 1 Observing the microbial world: the compound microscope; microscopic measurement; aseptic transfer techniques; preparing a wet mount and observing microorganisms; algae; fungi, protozoa, and microscopic animalia. Part 2 Bacterial staining techniques: preparing a smear and simple stain; gram staining; acid-fast staining; endospore staining. Part 3 Growing microorganisms: ubiquity and culture characteristics; pour-plate techniques; streak-plate and spread-plate techniques; hand washing; quantifying bacteria; anaerobic culture - oxygen requirements; bacteriophage. Part 4 Influencing and controlling microbial growth: temperature and pH; disinfectants and antiseptics; antibiotic disk sensitivity testing. Part 5 Microbial metabolic reactions: selected microbial enzymes - amylase, lipase, catalase, cytochrome oxidase, cysteine desulphydrase; enzymatic attacks on nitrogen-containing substrates - urea hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, proteolysis of gelatin; carbohydrate fermentation; the IMViC tests - a set of biochemical reactions; selective and differential media; multiple-test media and systems. Part 6 Medical microbiology: medically significant gram-positive cocci; intestinal pathogens - campylobacter and selected enterobacteriaceae; mouth, throat, and lower respiratory system flora; urinary tract normal flora. Part 7 Identifying bacterial unknowns - isolation, stock culture, and morphology; identifying bacterial unknowns, Part 8 Genetics and immunology: serology; genetic engineering and bacterial transformation.