Maps and Graphs
Features
American Lives
Re-Viewing the Past
Mapping the Past
Debating the Past
Preface
About the Authors
PROLOGUE
Beginnings
First Peoples
The Demise of the Big Mammals
The Archaic Period: A World Without Big Mammals
The First Sedentary Communities
The Maize Revolution
The Diffusion of Corn
Population Growth After 800
Cahokia: The Hub of Mississippian Culture
The Collapse of Urban Centers
Eurasia and Africa
Europe in Ferment
DEBATING THE PAST
Who-or What-Killed the Big Mammals?
Mapping the Past
Debate over the Earliest Route to the Americas
Chapter 1
Alien Encounters: Europe in the Americas
Sightings
Columbus's Great Triumph-and Error
Spain's American Empire
Extending Spain's Empire to the North
Disease and Population Losses
Ecological Imperialism
Spain's European Rivals
The Protestant Reformation
English Beginnings in America
The Settlement of Virginia
"Purifying" the Church of England
Bradford and Plymouth Colony
Winthrop and Massachusetts Bay Colony
Troublemakers: Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
Other New England Colonies
French and Dutch Settlements
Maryland and the Carolinas
The Middle Colonies
Cultural Collisions
Cultural Fusions
DEBATING THE PAST
How Many Indians Perished with European Settlement?
American Lives
Tisquantum
Chapter 2
American Society in the Making
Settlement of New France
Society in New Mexico, Texas, and California
The English Prevail on the Atlantic Seaboard
The Chesapeake Colonies
The Lure of Land
"Solving" the Labor Shortage: Slavery
Prosperity in a Pipe: Tobacco
Bacon's Rebellion
The Carolinas
Home and Family in the South
Georgia and the Back Country
Puritan New England
The Puritan Family
Visible Puritan Saints and Others
Democracies Without Democrats
The Dominion of New England
Salem Bewitched
Higher Education in New England
A Merchant's World
The Middle Colonies: Economic Basis
The Middle Colonies: An Intermingling of Peoples
"The Best Poor Man's Country"
The Politics of Diversity
Becoming Americans
Re-Viewing the Past
The Crucible
DEBATING THE PAST
Were Puritan Communities Peaceable?
Chapter 3
Americain the British Empire
The British Colonial System
Mercantilism
The Navigation Acts
The Effects of Mercantilism
The Great Awakening
The Rise and Fall of Jonathan Edwards
The Enlightenment in America
Colonial Scientific Achievements
Repercussions of Distant Wars
The Great War for the Empire
Britain Victorious: The Peace of Paris
Burdens of an Expanded Empire
Tightening Imperial Controls
The Sugar Act
American Colonists Demand Rights
The Stamp Act: The Pot Set to Boiling
Rioters or Rebels?
Taxation or Tyranny?
The Declaratory Act
The Townshend Duties
The Boston Massacre
The Pot Spills Over
The Tea Act Crisis
From Resistance to Revolution
American Lives
Eunice Williams/Gannenstenhawi
DEBATING THE PAST
Do Artists Depict Historical Subjects Accurately?
Chapter 4
The American Revolution
"The Shot Heard Round the World"
The Second Continental Congress
The Battle of Bunker Hill
The Great Declaration
1776: The Balance of Forces
Loyalists
The British Take New York City
Saratoga and the French Alliance
The War Moves South
Victory at Yorktown
Negotiating a Favorable Peace
National Government Under the Articles of Confederation
Financing the War
State Republican Governments
Social Reform
Effects of the Revolution on Women
Growth of a National Spirit
The Great Land Ordinances
National Heroes
A National Culture
Re-Viewing the Past
The Patriot
DEBATING THE PAST
Was the American Revolution Rooted in Class Struggle?
Chapter 5
The Federalist Era: Nationalism Triumphant
Inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation
Daniel Shays's "Little Rebellion"
To Philadelphia, and the Constitution
The Great Convention
The Compromises That Produced the Constitution
Ratifying the Constitution
Washington as President
Congress Under Way
Hamilton and Financial Reform
The Ohio Country: A Dark and Bloody Ground
Revolution in France
Federalists and Republicans: The Rise of Political Parties
1794: Crisis and Resolution
Jay's Treaty
1795: All's Well That Ends Well
Washington's Farewell
The Election of 1796
The XYZ Affair
The Alien and Sedition Acts
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolves
Mapping the Past
Depicting History with Maps
DEBATING THE PAST
What Ideas Shaped the Constitution?
Chapter 6
Jeffersonian Democracy
Jefferson Elected President
The Federalist Contribution
Thomas Jefferson: Political Theorist
Jefferson as President
Jefferson's Attack on the Judiciary
The Barbary Pirates
The Louisiana Purchase
The Federalists Discredited
Lewis and Clark
The Burr Conspiracy
Napoleon and the British
The Impressment Controversy
The Embargo Act
Jeffersonian Democracy
Mapping the Past
A Water Route to the Pacific?
DEBATING THE PAST
Did Thomas Jefferson Father a Child by His Slave?
Chapter 7
National Growing Pains
Madison in Power
Tecumseh and Indian Resistance
Depression and Land Hunger
Opponents of War
The War of 1812
Britain Assumes the Offensive
"The Star Spangled Banner"
The Treaty of Ghent
The Hartford Convention
The Battle of New Orleans
Victory Weakens the Federalists
Anglo-American Rapprochement
The Transcontinental Treaty
The Monroe Doctrine
The Era of Good Feelings
New Sectional Issues
New Leaders
The Missouri Compromise
The Election of 1824
John Quincy Adams as President
Calhoun's Exposition and Protest
The Meaning of Sectionalism
Mapping the Past
North-South Sectionalism Intensifies
DEBATING THE PAST
How Did Indians and Settlers Interact?
Chapter 8
Toward a National Economy
Gentility and the Consumer Revolution
Birth of the Factory
An Industrial Proletariat?
Lowell's Waltham System: Women as Factory Workers
Irish and German Immigrants
The Persistence of the Household System
Rise of Corporations
Cotton Revolutionizes the South
Revival of Slavery
Roads to Market
Transportation and the Government
Development of Steamboats
The Canal Boom
New York City: Emporium of the Western World
The Marshall Court
Mapping the Past
The Making of the Working Class
DEBATING THE PAST
Did a "Market Revolution" Transform Early Nineteenth-Century America?
Chapter 9
Jacksonian Democracy
"Democratizing" Politics
1828: The New Party System in Embryo
The Jacksonian Appeal
The Spoils System
President of All the People
Sectional Tensions Revived
Jackson: "The Bank . . . I Will Kill It!"
Jackson's Bank Veto
Jackson Versus Calhoun
Indian Removals
The Nullification Crisis
Boom and Bust
Jacksonianism Abroad
The Jacksonians
Rise of the Whigs
Martin Van Buren: Jacksonianism Without Jackson
The Log Cabin Campaign
American Lives
Horace Greeley
DEBATING THE PAST
For Whom Did Jackson Fight?
Chapter 10
The Making of Middle-Class America
Tocqueville: Democracy in America
The Family Recast
The Second Great Awakening
The Era of Associations
Backwoods Utopias
The Age of Reform
"Demon Rum"
The Abolitionist Crusade
Women's Rights
The Romantic View of Life
Emerson and Thoreau
Edgar Allan Poe
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Herman Melville
Walt Whitman
Reading and the Dissemination of Culture
Education for Democracy
The State of the Colleges
Mapping the Past
Small Families in the Northeast, Large Families in the Frontier
DEBATING THE PAST
Did the Antebellum Reform Movement Improve Society?
Chapter 11
Westward Expansion
Tyler's Troubles
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty
The Texas Question
Manifest Destiny
Life on the Trail
California and Oregon
The Election of 1844
Polk as President
War with Mexico
To the Halls of Montezuma
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Fruits of Victory: Further Enlargement of the United States
Slavery: Storm Clouds Gather
The Election of 1848
The Gold Rush
The Compromise of 1850
Mapping the Past
The Political Geography of Slavery
DEBATING THE PAST
Did the Frontier Change Women's Roles?
Chapter 12
The Sections Go Their Ways
The South
The Economics of Slavery
Antebellum Plantation Life
The Sociology of Slavery
Psychological Effects of Slavery
Manufacturing in the South
The Northern Industrial Juggernaut
A Nation of Immigrants
How Wage Earners Lived
Progress and Poverty
Foreign Commerce
Steam Conquers the Atlantic
Canals and Railroads
Financing the Railroads
Railroads and the Economy
Railroads and the Sectional Conflict
The Economy on the Eve of Civil War
American Lives
Sojourner Truth
DEBATING THE PAST
Did Slaves and Masters Form Emotional Bonds?
Chapter 13
The Coming of the Civil War
The Slave Power Comes North
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Diversions Abroad: The "Young America" Movement
Stephen Douglas: "The Little Giant"
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Know-Nothings, Republicans, and the Demise of the Two-Party System
"Bleeding Kansas"
Senator Sumner Becomes a Martyr for Abolitionism
Buchanan Tries His Hand
The Dred Scott Decision
The Proslavery Lecompton Constitution
The Emergence of Lincoln
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
John Brown's Raid
The Election of 1860
The Secession Crisis
Mapping the Past
Runaway Slaves: Hard Realities
DEBATING THE PAST
Was the Civil War Avoidable?
Chapter 14
The War to Save the Union
Lincoln's Cabinet
Fort Sumter: The First Shot
The Blue and the Gray
The Test of Battle: Bull Run
Paying for the War
Politics as Usual
Behind Confederate Lines
War in the West: Shiloh
McClellan: The Reluctant Warrior
Lee Counterattacks: Antietam
The Emancipation Proclamation
The Draft Riots
The Emancipated People
African American Soldiers
Antietam to Gettysburg
Lincoln Finds His General: Grant at Vicksburg
Economic and Social Effects, North and South
Women in Wartime
Grant in the Wilderness
Sherman in Georgia
To Appomattox Court House
Winners, Losers, and the Future
Re-Viewing the Past
Glory
Re-Viewing the Past
Cold Mountain
DEBATING THE PAST
Why Did the South Lose the Civil War?
Chapter 15
Reconstruction and the South
The Assassination of Lincoln
Presidential Reconstruction
Republican Radicals
Congress Rejects Johnsonian Reconstruction
The Fourteenth Amendment
The Reconstruction Acts
Congress Supreme
The Fifteenth Amendment
"Black Republican" Reconstruction: Scalawags and Carpetbaggers
The Ravaged Land
Sharecropping and the Crop-Lien System
The White Backlash
Grant as President
The Disputed Election of 1876
The Compromise of 1877
Mapping the Past
The Politics of Reconstruction
DEBATING THE PAST
Were Reconstruction Governments Corrupt?
Appendix
The Declaration of Independence
The Articles of Confederation
The Constitution of the United States of America
Amendments to the Constitution
Presidential Elections, 1789-2004
Glossary
Picture Credits
Index