Detailed Contents
Documents
Maps
Chronologies, Genealogies, and Figures
Preface
Supplements0
About the Authors
Introduction
The Idea of Western Civilization 1
Chapter 1
The First Civilizations 3
The Visual Record:
OEtzi's Last Meal: Tradition and Innovation in Prehistoric Europe
Before Civilization
The Dominance of Culture
Social Organization, Agriculture, and Religion
Mesopotamia: Between the Two Rivers
Map Discovery: The Ancient World
The Ramparts of Uruk
Tools: Technology and Writing
Gods and Mortals in Mesopotamia
Sargon and Mesopotamian Expansion
Hammurabi and the Old Babylonian Empire
The Gift of the Nile
Tending the Cattle of God
Democratization of the Afterlife
The Egyptian Empire
Map Discovery: The Egyptian Empire
Religious and Royal Consolidation Under Akhenaten
Between Two Worlds
The Hebrew Alternative
A King Like All the Nations
Exile
Ninevehand Babylon
The Assyrian Empire
The New Babylonian Empire
Persian Expansion
A Closer Look
Discovering the Pharaohs
The West and the Under World
The First European Immigrants
Documents
The Code of Hammurabi
A Homesick Egyptian
The Kingdom of Israel
Chapter 2
Early Greece, 2500-500 b.c.e.
The Visual Record:
Hecuba and Achilles: The Birth of Greek Civilization
Greecein the Bronze Age to 800 b.c.e.
Islands of Peace
Map Discovery: Greece in the Bronze Age
Mainland of War
The Dark Age
Archaic Greece, 800-500 b.c.e.
Ethnos and Polis 45
Map Discovery: Greek Cities and Colonies of the Archaic Age
Technology of Writing and Warfare
Colonists and Tyrants
Gender and Power
Gods and Mortals
Myth and Reason
Investigation and Speculation
Art and the Individual
A Tale of Three Cities
Wealthy Corinth
Martial Sparta
Democratic Athens
The Coming of Persia and the End of the Archaic Age
Map Discovery: The Persian Empire, ca. 500 b.c.e.
A Closer Look
The Agony of Athletics
Documents
The Race of Iron
Hector and Andromache
Two Faces of Tyranny
Image Discovery
A Revolution in War-fare
Chapter 3
Classical and Hellenistic Greece, 500-100 b.c.e.
The Visual Record:
Pericles Builds His Parthenon: Politics, Art, and Empire 66
Note: Each chapter ends with Questions for Review, Key Terms, Discovering Western Civilization Online, and Suggestions for Further Reading.
War and Politics in the Fifth Century b.c.e.
The Persian Wars
Thermopylae and Salamis
The Athenian Empire
Private and Public Life in Athens
Pericles and Athens
The Peloponnesian War
Map Discovery: The Delian League and the Peloponnesian War
Athenian Culture in the Hellenic Age
The Examined Life
Understanding the Past
Athenian Drama
Art and the Human Image
From City-States to Macedonian Empire, 404-323 b.c.e. 82
Politics After the Peloponnesian War
Philosophy and the Polis
The Rise of Macedon
Map Discovery: The Empire of Alexander the Great 87
The Empire of Alexander the Great 87
The Hellenistic World 89
Map Discovery: The Hellenistic Kingdoms 89
Urban Life and Culture 92
Women in Public Life 92
Alexandria 93
Hellenistic Literature 93
Architecture and Art 94
Hellenistic Philosophy 95
Mathematics and Science 98
Cultural Resistance 98
A Closer Look
Technology and Innovation
The West and the Wider World
Representing the Buddha: From Apollo to Christian Saint
Documents
The Two Faces of Athenian Democracy
The Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Leading
Greeks and Barbarians
Alexander Calls a Halt
Image Discovery
Chapter 4
Early Rome and the Roman Republic, 800-146 b.c.e.
The Visual Record:
Eternal Rome: From Village to Empire
The Western Mediterranean to 509 b.c.e.
Merchants of Baal
The Western Greeks
Map Discovery: Greek and Phoenician Colonies and Trade
Italy's First Civilization
From City to Empire, 509-146 b.c.e. 109
Latin Rome
Etruscan Rome
Rome and Italy
Rome and the Mediterranean
Map Discovery: The Punic Wars
Republican Civilization
Farmers and Soldiers
The Roman Family
Social Effects of Expansion
Roman Religion
Republican Letters
The Crisis of Roman Virtue
A Closer Look
Hannibal's Elephants
Documents
The Twelve Tables
Polybius Compares Rome and Carthage
Cato's Slaves
Image Discovery
Casting a Vote
Chapter 5
Imperial Rome, 146 b.c.e.-192 c.e.
The Visual Record:
The Altar of Augustan Peace: The Making of the Roman Empire
The Price of Empire, 146-121 b.c.e.
Winners and Losers
Optimates and Populares
The End of the Republic
The Crisis of Government
Map Discovery: The Career of Julius Caesar
A Life Worth Leading
The Augustan Age and the Pax Romana 141
The Empire Renewed 141
Augustus's Successors 146
Map Discovery: The Roman Empire, 14 and 117 c.e. 147
Religions from the East
Jewish Resistance 149
The Origins of Christianity
Geographical Tour:
A Tour of the Empire
The Western Provinces
The Eastern Provinces
The Culture of Antonine Rome
A Closer Look
A Day in the Pax Romana-Herculaneum 144
Image Discovery
Augustus's Statue
Documents
The Reforms of Tiberius Gracchus
Cicero on Justice and Reason
Peter Announces the Good News
Chapter 6
The Transformation of the Classical World
The Visual Record:
A Bride's Trousseau: The Synthesis of Christianity and the Classical Tradition
The Crisis of the Third Century
Enrich the Army and Scorn the Rest
An Empire on the Defensive
The Barbarian Menace
Roman Influence in the Barbarian World
The Empire Restored
Diocletian, the God-Emperor
Map Discovery: The Empire Under Diocletian
Constantine, the Emperor of God
The Triumph of Christianity
Imperial Christianity
Map Discovery: The Spread of Christianity
Divinity, Humanity, and Salvation
The Call of the Desert
Monastic Communities
Solitaries and Hermits
A Parting of the Ways
The Barbarization of the West
The New Barbarian Kingdoms
Map Discovery: Barbarian Migrations and Invasions
The Hellenization of the East
A Closer Look
The Stainless Star of Wisdom's Discipline
Documents
Tacitus on the Germans
Religious Toleration and Persecution
Love in the Two Cities
Image Discovery Beholder:
In the Eye of the Jesus or Sun God?
Chapter 7
The Classical Legacy in the East: Byzantium and Islam
The Visual Record:
From Temple to Mosque: The Continuity of Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean
The Byzantines
Justinian and the Creation of the Byzantine State
Emperors and Individuals
Map Discovery: Byzantine Empire Under Justinian
Families and Villages
A Foretaste of Heaven
Iconoclasm
The Rise of Islam
Arabia Before the Prophet
Muhammad, Prophet of God
The Triumph of Islam
The Spread of Islam
Map Discovery: The Spread of Islam
Authority and Government in Islam
Umayyad and `Abbasid Caliphates
Islamic Civilization
The Byzantine Apogee and Decline, 1000-1453
The Disintegration of the Empire
The Conquests of Constantinople and Baghdad
The West and the Wider World
Industrial Espionage in the Sixth Century
Documents
The Qur'an
An Arab's View of Western Medicine
A Turkish Guest in Constantinople
An Arab in Crusader Jerusalem
Image Discovery
Haram al-Sharif, or The Dome of the Rock: Theology in Stone
Chapter 8
The West in the Early Middle Ages, 500-900
The Visual Record:
The Chapel at the Waters: The Western Empire Reborn
The Making of the Barbarian Kingdoms, 500-750
Italy: From Ostrogoths to Lombards
Map Discovery: The Barbarian Kingdoms, ca. 526
Visigothic Spain: Intolerance and Destruction
The Anglo-Saxons: From Pagan Conquerors to Christian Missionaries
The Franks: An Enduring Legacy
Living in the New Europe
Creating the European Peasantry
Rural Households
Creating the European Aristocracy
Aristocratic Lifestyle
Governing Europe
The Carolingian Achievement
Map Discovery: Charlemagne's Empire, 814
Charlemagne and the Renewal of the West
The Carolingian Renaissance
Carolingian Government
Carolingian Art
Geographical Tour:
Europe in the Ninth Century
England
Scandinavia
The Slavic World
Muslim Spain
After the Carolingians: From Empire to Lordships
Disintegration of the Empire
Map Discovery: The Division of Charlemagne's Empire
Emergence of France and Germany
Cluny
A Closer Look
The Jews in the Early Middle Ages
Documents
Two Missionaries
From Slave to Queen
Feuding in the Frankish Kingdom
Charlemagne and the Arts
Image Discovery
Equestrian Emperors
Chapter 9
The High Middle Ages
The Visual Record:
Harold, King of the English
The Countryside
The Peasantry: Serfs and Freemen
The Aristocracy: Warriors and Heiresses
The Church: Saints and Monks
Crusaders: Soldiers of God
Map Discovery: The Crusades
Medieval Towns
Italian Cities
Map Discovery: Medieval Trade Networks
Northern Towns
The Fairs of Champagne
Urban Intellectuals
The Invention of the State
The Universal States: Empire and Papacy
The Nation-States: France and England
A Closer Look
Cathedrals of Light
Documents
Visions Like a Flame
Pope Urban II Summons a Crusade
Saint Francis of Assisi on Humility and Poverty
The Great Charter
Image Discovery
Chapter 10
The Later Middle Ages, 1300-1500
The Visual Record:
Webs of Stone and Blood: European Civilization at the End of the Middle Ages
Politics as a Family Affair
The Struggle for Central Europe
Map Discovery: Central and Eastern Europe, ca. 1378
A Hundred Years of War
Life and Death in the Later Middle Ages
Dancing with Death
Map Discovery: Spread of the Black Death and Peasant Revolts
The Plague of Insurrection
Living and Dying in Medieval Towns
The Spirit of the Later Middle Ages
The Crisis of the Papacy
Map Discovery: The Great Schism
Discerning the Spirit of God
Heresy and Revolt
Religious Persecution in Spain
William of Ockham and the Spirit of Truth
Vernacular Literature and the Individual
Documents
The Black Death in Florence
A Woman Before the Inquisition
Convivencia
The West and the Wider World World Trade Centers
Image Discovery
Chapter 11
The Italian Renaissance
The Visual Record:
A Dining Al Fresco
Renaissance Society
The Urban Environment
Map Discovery: Largest Cities in Western Europe, ca. 1500
Production and Consumption
The Experience of Life
The Quality of Life
Renaissance Art
An Architect, a Sculptor, and a Painter
Renaissance Style
Michelangelo
Renaissance Ideals
Humanists and the Liberal Arts
Renaissance Science
Machiavelli and Politics
The Politics of the Italian City-States
Map Discovery: Italy, 1494
The Five Powers
Venice: A Seaborne Empire
Florence: Spinning Cloth into Gold
The End of Italian Hegemony, 1450-1527
A Closer Look
The Fall of Constantinople
Documents
On the Family
The Renaissance Man
The Lion and the Fox
The Siege of Constantinople
Chapter 12
The European Empires
The Visual Record:
Astride the World: The Age of Monarchies
European Encounters
Africa and a Passage to India
Map Discovery: Portuguese Explorations
Mundus Novus
The Spanish Conquests
The Legacy of the Encounters
Map Discovery: Claims of Spain and Portugal to Overseas Empires
Image Discovery
Small box
Geographical Tour:
Europe in 1500: The Age of the New Monarchies
Boundaries of Eastern Europe
Central Europe
Western Europe
The Formation of States
Eastern Configurations
The Western Powers
Map Discovery: The Unification of France
The Dynastic Struggles
Power and Glory
The Italian Wars
Documents
A Momentous Discovery
The Halls of Montezuma
Last Words
The Kingdom of France
The West and the Wider World
The Columbian Exchange
Chapter 13
The Reform of Religion
The Visual Record:
Sola Scriptura: The Bible and the Reformation
The Intellectual Reformation
The Print Revolution
Map Discovery: The Spread of Printing
Christian Humanism
The Humanist Movement
The Wit of Erasmus
The Lutheran Reformation
The Spark of Reform
Martin Luther's Faith
Lutheranism
The Spread of Lutheranism
Map Discovery: The Spread of Lutheranism
The Protestant Reformation
Geneva and Calvin
The English Reformation
The Reformation of the Radicals
The Catholic Reformation
The Spiritual Revival
Image Discovery
Fishing for Souls
Loyola's Pilgrimage
The Counter-Reformation
Map Discovery: The Religious Divisions of Europe
The Empire Strikes Back
A Closer Look
Utopia
Documents
A Dutch Wit
Luther on Marriage
The Eternal Decree
Heavenly Vision
Chapter 14
Europe at War, 1555-1648
The Visual Record:
The Massacre of the Innocents: War and European Society
The Crises of the Western States
The French Wars of Religion
Map Discovery: Religious Divisions in France During the Wars of Religion
One King, Two Faiths
The World of Philip II
The Burgundian Inheritance
Map Discovery: Habsburg Lands at the Abdication of Charles V
The Revolt of the Netherlands
The Struggles in Eastern Europe
Kings and Diets in Poland
Image Discovery
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Muscovy's Time of Troubles
The Rise of Sweden
The Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648
Bohemia Revolts
The War Widens
Map Discovery: Population Loss in Germany During the Thirty Years' War
The Long Quest for Peace
A Closer Look
The Monstrous Regiment of Women
Documents
The Heart and Stomach of a King
Cannibals
War Is Hell
Fire and Sword
Chapter 15
The Experiences of Life in Early Modern Europe, 1500-1650
The Visual Record:
Haymaking: Agriculture in a European Community
Economic Life
Rural Life
Image Discovery
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Town Life
Map Discovery: Grain Supply and Trade in Sixteenth-Century Europe
Economic Change
Map Discovery: Population Density in Europe, ca. 1600
Social Life
Social Constructs
Social Structure
Social Change
Peasant Revolts
Private and Community Life
The Family
Communities
Popular Beliefs and the Persecution of Witches
A Closer Look
Sex and the Married Man
Documents
Living by One's Wits
The Peasants' Revolt
The Devil's Due
Chapter 16
The Royal State in the Seventeenth Century
The Visual Record:
Fit for a King: The Grandeur of the European Monarchy
The Rise of the Royal State
Divine Kings
The Court and the Courtiers
The Taxing Demands of War
The Crises of the Royal State
The Need to Resist
The Right to Resist
The English Civil War
Image Discovery
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Map Discovery: English Civil War
The English Revolutions
The Zenith of the Royal State
The Nature of Absolute Monarchy
Absolutism in the East
Map Discovery: Expansion of Russia Under Peter the Great
The Origins of French Absolutism
Louis le Grand
Documents
The Divinity That Doth Hedge a King
A Short, Sharp Shock
The Nature of Man
A Close Shave
The West and the Wider World
The Siege of Vienna
Glossary
Credits
Index
