Picture Credits
Preface
Introduction
CHAPTER ONE
The Origins of Photography (to 1839)
Before Photography
Technological and Artistic Forebears
The Invention of Photographies
Antoine Florence and the Question of Simultaneous Invention
The Problem of Permanence: Wedgwood and Davy
The Sun Writing of Niepce
The Collaboration of Niepce and Daguerre
Daguerre and the Latent Image
Responses to the Announcement of the Daguerreotype
Bayard's Direct Positive Process
Herschel's Photographic Specimens
Talbot's Photogenic Drawing
The Politics of Invention
Focus: The Stranger
Philosophy and Practice: Nature's Automatic Writing
CHAPTER TWO
The Second Invention of Photography (1839-1854)
The Second Invention
Focus: Iron, Glass, and
Photography
Talbot and The Pencil of Nature
Bayard: The Doubting Camera
Photography and the Sciences
The Microscope and the Telescope
Biology
Anthropology and Medicine
Focus: Photography, Race, and Slavery
Performing History? The Dr. Morton Controversy
Recording Events with the Camera
War and Photography
Imaging War
Focus: The Mexican-American War
British Conflicts in Asia
Expeditionary and Travel Photography
Egypt and the Holy Land
The Historic Monuments Commission
Portraiture and the Camera
Coloring the Image
The Photography Studio
Celebrity Photography
The Firm of Southworth and Hawes
The Calotype Portrait: Hill and Adamson
Focus: The First Police Pictures?
Photography and Fiction
Philosophy and Practice: A Threat to Art?
CHAPTER THREE
The Expanding Domain (1854-1880)
The Stereograph
The Carte-de-Visite
Photographic Societies, Publications,
and Exchange Clubs
Art and Photography
Art Reproduction
The Photographer and Fine Art
High Art Photography
Women Behind the Camera
Women as Amateurs
Portrait: Julia Margaret Cameron
Women as Professionals
War and Photography
The Crimean War
Roger Fenton
Focus: The Valley of Death
James Robertson
The American Civil War
The Effect of the War on Photography
Portrait: Mathew Brady
The Civil War and Remembrance
Portrait: Alexander Gardner
The War of the Triple Alliance, South America
The Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune
Small Wars, Colonial Expansion,and Photography
India
China
Japan
Photography in the Middle East
Topographical Surveys and Photography
The Abyssinian Campaign, or the Maqdala Expedition
Desire Charnay and Expeditionary Photography
The 49th Parallel Survey
Government Surveys in the United States
Photography and the Transcontinental Railway
Timothy O'Sullivan and Survey Photography
Preservation of the Wilderness: Yellowstone and Yosemite
War and the Photography of Native Americans
The Modoc War
The Fort Laramie Treaty
Little Big Horn
Photography and Science
Medical Photography
Photomicrography and Astronomical Photographs
Photographic Studies of Human Expression
Duchenne de Boulogne
Darwin
Charcot
Photography and the Social Sciences
Ethnographic Studies and Display
Orientalism
Dying Cultures
Popularizing Ethnic and Economic Types
Philosophy and Practice: Superseded by Reality
Focus: Lewis Carroll's Photographs of Children
CHAPTER FOUR
Photography in the Modern Age (1880-1918)
The Challenge for Art Photography
Naturalistic Photography
Pictorialism
Movements and Magazines
The Photo-Secession
Portrait: Alfred Stieglitz
Portrait: Edward Steichen
The Nude and Pictorialism
Women in the Pictorialist Movement
Portrait: Gertrude Kasebier
Anthropological Pictorialism
Non-Pictorialist Visions
Pictorialism: A Conservative Avant-Garde
Photography and the Modern City
Social Reform Photography
Portrait: Jacob Riis
The Ideal City
Science and Photography
The Photography of Movement
Focus: Photography and Futurism
Photography and the Invention of Moving Pictures
The X-Ray
Focus: Worker Efficiency: The Gilbreths' Time and Motion Studies
Photography, Social Science, and Exploration
Photographing Africa
Focus: The National Geographic
Photographing the Pacific Paradise: Samoa
Criminal Likenesses
War and Photography
The Spanish-American War
World War I
The Russian Revolution
Philosophy and Practice: The Real Thing
CHAPTER FIVE
A New Vision (1918-1945)
Revolutionary Art: The Soviet Photograph
Dada and After
Focus: Photomontage or Photocollage
Moholy-Nagy and the Bauhaus
Dada and Paris
Dada and the Machine Age in New York
Surrealist Photography
Focus: Film and Photography
Experimental Photography and Advertising
Experimental Photography as Style
CaliforniaModern
Social Science, Social Change, and the Camera
The Origins of Documentary
The Farm Security Administration
Portrait: Margaret Bourke-White
Transforming the Social Documentary
Portrait: August Sander
Worker Photography
Popular Science
World War II
Philosophy and Practice:The Common Man and the End of Media Utopia
CHAPTER SIX
Through the Lens of Culture (1945-1975)
The Family of Man
Cultural Relativism and Cultural Resistance
Focus: Making an Icon of Revolution
Latin America
Brazil and Argentina
Mexico
Portrait: Manuel Alvarez Bravo
Africa
Asia
India
Japan
Portrait: Shomei Tomatsu
Focus: Photographing the Atomic Bomb
The West and the Cold War
Annihilation, Alienation,Abstraction: America
The Americans
On the Streets
The Social Landscape
Suburbia
Technology and Media in Postwar America
Color Photography and the Polaroid Process
Television, Photojournalism, and National Events
Photography in Art
Philosophy and Practice: Photography Born Whole
CHAPTER SEVEN
Convergences (1975-2)
Photography, Nature, and Science
Post-Photography
The End
Everything Old is New Again
Face Value
The Predicaments of Social
Concern
Portrait: Sebastiao Salgado
The Color of Concern
Neutral Vision
Focus: The Cambodian Genocide
Photographic Database
The Look of Politics
The New Social Documentary
Thinking Photography
The Postmodern Era
Postmodernist Photography
Art Photography and
Photography-by-artists
Blurring the Subject
Feminism and Postmodern
Photography
Constructed Realities
Focus: Culture Wars
Family Pictures
Extended Family
Focus: Looking at Children
Nature and the Body Politic
Philosophy and Practice:
The Passing of the
Postmodern
CHAPTER EIGHT
Into the New Millennium
Past and Present
Slide Show
The Medium of the Moment
Photographic Practice and
Globalization
Global/Local 006
The Arab World
Focus: China 060
Youth and Beauty
Snapshot Diarists
Science and Society
The Animal Kingdom
Platforms
War and Photography
Philosophy and Practice: Seeing and
Being Seen
Glossary
Timeline
Notes
Bibliography
Index