Introduction: What is Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery?Daniel J. Goldstein and Mehmet C. Oz. Part I: Physiology of Injury. Pathophysiology of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Ron G. H. Speekenbrink, Win van Oeveren, Charles R.H. Wildevuur, and Leon Eijsman. Endothelial Cell Injury, Talia Barzel Spanier and Ann Marie Schmidt. Part II.Less Invasive Approaches to Coronary Bypass Grafting. Minimally Invasive Coronary Bypass Graftng vs Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: The Cardiologist's Perspective, Leroy E. Rabbani, Alan D. Simon and Allan Schwartz. Visualization Techniques for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery, Michael J. Mack. Techniques of Minimally Invasive Internal Mammary Artery Harvest, Patrick Nataf and M. Anno Diegeler. Myocardial Stabilization During During Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, M.Clive Robinson and Joao Mota. Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting on the Beating Heart: The American Experience, Valavanur A. Subramanian. Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting on the Beating Heart: The European Experience, Antonio M. Calafiore, Marco Contini, Giuseppe Vitolla, Teresa Iovino, and Angela Iaco. Port-Access Coronary Artery Bypass, Greg H. Ribakove, Aubrey C. Galloway, Eugene A. Grossi, and Stephen B. Colvin. Minimally Invasive Saphenous Vein Harvest,Nader Moazami and Michael Gardocki. Alternative Approaches to Vascular Anastomosis Surgery, Paul M. N. Werker. Device-Supported Myocardial Revascularization, Joseph J. DeRose Jr. and Robert K. Jarvik. Economic Impact of Less Invasive Cardiac Operations, Gerald M. Lemole, Asim F. Choudhri, Mehmet C. Oz, Daniel J. Goldstein, Robert Gianguzzi, and Hiep C. Nguyen. Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Quality of Life Issues, Lorraine Choi, Windsor Ting and Prashant Sinha. Part III. Non-Coronary Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery. Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery, W. Randolph Chitwood Jr., Aortic Valve Surgery via Limited Incisions, Steven R. Gundry.Minimally Invasive Approaches to Congential Heart Surgery,Gregory P. Fontana. Index.