Section 1: Introduction Chapter 1: History and Examination Andrew Cole, Michael Erickson, and Carolyn Marquardt Chapter 2: Clinical Imaging of the Spine Yair Safriel Chapter 3: Behavioral Assessment of the Spine Patient Brent Van Dorsten Section 2: Cervical Spine Chapter 4: Cervical Disc Disease and Extremity Pain Jeffrey D. Petersohn Chapter 5: Cervical Facet Dysfunction Sandeep Amin Chapter 6: Cervical Spinal Stenosis Genaro J. Gutierrez and Divya Chirumamilla Chapter 7: Cervical Spine Trauma Jay S. Reidler, Amit Jain, and A. Jay Khanna Chapter 8: Degenerative Conditions of the Cervical Spine Samuel C. Overley, Dante Leven, Abhishek Kumar, and Sheeraz A. Qureshi Section 3: Thoracic Spine Chapter 9: Thoracic Disc Disease Ankur P. Dave Chapter 10: Thoracic Facet Dysfunction/Costo-transverse Joint Pathology Brian A. Young, Phillip S. Sizer, and Miles Day Chapter 11: Thoracic Spinal Stenosis Ameet Nagpal and Brad Wisler Chapter 12: Intercostal Neuralgia and Thoracic Radiculopathy Yili Huang and Neel Mehta Section 4: Lumbar Spine Chapter 13: Lumbar Disc Disorders Daniel Kline and Michael DePalma Chapter 14: Lumbar Facet Arthropathy Leonardo Kapural, Harish Badhey, and Suneil Jolly Chapter 15: Lumbar Spondylolisthesis Mehul J. Desai, Puneet Sayal, and Michael S. Leong Chapter 16: Lumbar Spinal Stenosis David A. Mazin and Mehul J. Desai Chapter 17: Lumbar Radiculopathy and Radicular Pain Brandon J. Goff,, Kevin B. Guthmiller, Jamie C. Clapp, William B. Lassiter, Morgan J. Baldridge, Sven M. Hochheimer, and Margaux M. Salas Chapter 18: Surgical Approaches for Degenerative Lumbar Stenosis Doniel Drazin, Carlito Lagman, Christine Piper, Ari Kappel, and Terrence T. Kim Section 5: Emerging and Special Issues Chapter 19: Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction Victor Foorsov, Omar Dyara, Robert Bolash, and Bruce Vrooman Chapter 20: Sacroiliac Fusion, Percutaneous, Open Daraspreet Singh Kainth, Karanpal Singh Dhaliwal, and David W. Polly, Jr. Chapter 21: Deformity Thoraco-Lumbar - Scoliosis Daraspreet Singh Kainth, Karanpal Singh Dhaliwal, and David W. Polly, Jr. Chapter 22: Approaches and Relative Benefits of Open vs. Minimally Invasive Surgery for Degenerative Conditions Brett D. Rosenthal, Marco Mendoza, Barett S. Boody, and Wellington K. Hsu Chapter 23: Spinal Tumors: Surgical Considerations and Approaches Nancy Abu-Bonsrah, C. Rory Goodwin, Rajiv R. Iyer, and Daniel M. Sciubba Chapter 24: Pelvic Pain and Floor Dysfunction Danielle Sarno and Farah Hameed Chapter 25: Core Strengthening Priyesh Mehta, David J. Cormier,Julie Ann Aueron, and Jaspal R. Singh Chapter 26: Ultrasound-guided Spine Interventions Michael Gofeld and Rami A. Kamel Chapter 27: Biologic and Regenerative Therapies Ian Dworkin, Daniel A. Fung, and Timothy T. Davis Chapter 28: Platelet Rich Plasma Injections Juewon Khwarg, Daniel A. Fung, Corey Hunter, and Timothy T. Davis Chapter 29: Opioids in Spinal Pain, Indications, Challenges & Controversies Puneet Sayal and Jianren Mao Chapter 30: Sympathetic Blockade of the Spine John M. DiMuro and Mehul J. Desai Section 6: Neuromodulation Chapter 31: Intrathecal Pumps Richard L. Boortz-Marx, Daniel Moyse, and Yawar J. Qadri Chapter 32: Spinal Cord Stimulation Erika A. Petersen Chapter 33: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Lucas Campos and Jason E. Pope