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During the centuries of its history the republic burst its city-state shell... Wars, rural impoverishment, the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few families, civil discord, the increase in number of slaves and robbery of overseas provinces caused irreversible changes... This is the material of Crawford's study. He handles its complexities with acuteness and balance. He is sophisticated about political motives and economic causes... Crawford's readable book is a fine contribution to the understanding of this important period. Times Higher Education Supplement Well-informed, lively. The work conveys a remarkable quantity of information... Students will benefit greatly from Crawford's obvious enthusiasm for historical research and for finding explanations of complex phenomena. Journal of Roman Studies

Michael Crawford is Professor of History, University College, London.

Historical Introduction I. The Sources II. Italy and Rome III. The Roman Governing Classes IV. The Conquest of Italy V. From Italian Power to Mediterranean Power VI. TheConquest oftheEast VII. The Consequences of Empire -the Governing Classes VIII. The Imperial Power IX. The Consequences of Empire --the Governed X. Reform and Revolution XI. Rome and Italy XII. The End of Consensus XIII. The World Turned Upside Down XIV. The Embattled Oligarchy XV. The Military Dynasts Epilogue Appendices 1. The Roman Assemblies 2. The Roman Army 3. Equites 4. The Special Commands Maps 1. Central Italy 2. Italy 3. The Eastern Mediterranean 4. The Western Mediterranean Date Chart Further reading Indices 1. Sources 2. Persons 3. Places 4. General Index and Glossary