Similarities with English; -ible, -able endings the same; 'es posible' (it is possible); 'para mi' (for me); 'no es posible para mi' (it is not possible for me); 'para usted' (for you); 'por que?' (why?); 'asi' (that way); 'lo siento' (it I feel = I feel it = I'm sorry); -o at end of verb espresses 'I'; 'yo' (I) used for emphasis only; pero' (but); -ante, -ente endings in Spanish = -ant, -ent endings in English; 'muy, bueno' (very, good); 'tengo, quiero' (I have, I want); 'tiene' (you have); 'que?' (what?); 'porque' (because); 'saber' (to know); 'puedo, puede' (I can, you can); 'hacer, comer' (to do, to eat); 'algo' (something); 'tengo hambre' (I have hunger = I am hungry); -ario ending in Spanish = -ary ending in English; 'y' (and); 'ver, verlo' (to see, to see it); -ancia, -encia endings in Spanish = -ance, -ence endings in English; 'la, una' (the, a); 'esta noche' (tonight); 'donde?'. (where?); 'cena, cenar' (dinner, to dine); -cion ending in Spanish = -tion ending in English; 'de' (of); 'que tipo?' (what type?); 'por favor' (please); 'hoy' (today); 'dar' (to give); verbs from English -ation nouns: transformation = transformacion = to transform = transformar; stress in Spanish words; infinitive in Spanish ends in -r; three types of verbs; 'verle, verlos, verme' (to see him, to see them, to see me); 'comprender, decir' (to understand, to say); 'tener, tener que' (to have, to have to); 'salir' (to leave); 'pronto' (soon); 'cuando' (when?); -ico ending in Spanish = -ical ending in English; 'cuanto?' ('how much'); 'estoy, esta, estar, esta' (I am, you are, to be, this); 'como?' (how?); 'voy, voy a' (I'm going, I'm going to); 'tarde, mas o menos' (late, more or less); 'no voy a hacerlo porque voy a estar muy ocupado hoy' (I'm not going to do it because I'm going to be very busy today); 'voy a Ilamarle mas tarde' (I'm going to call you later); 'a que hora?' (at what time?); 'va, va a' (you are going, you are going to): 'A que hora va a Ilamarme? (At what time are you going to call me?); 'el, ella' (he, she); 'estar, ser' (to be: temporarily, permanently): 'estoy/soy' (I am); 'se, no se' (I know, I don't know); revision of three verb groups; nouns, adjectives and verbs; 'venir' (to come); 'con, conmigo, con el, con ella' (with, with me, with him, with her); 'ir, voy, va' (to go, I'm going, you're going); 'comprar, encontrar' (to buy, to find); stress in present tense; 'vender, comprender, escribir' (to sell, to understand, to write); 'me gusta, me gusta escribir' (I like, I like to write); 'Sabe donde esta?' (Do you know where it is?); 'Por que no lo sabe?' (Why do you not know it?); present continuous tense in Spanish: 'que esta haciendo?' (what are you doing?); 'decir' (to say/tell); 'lo que' (that which = what): 'no comprendo lo que dice' (I don't understand what you are saying); 'quiere decir' (you want to say = you mean): 'no comprendo lo que quiere decir' (I don't understand what you mean; three verb types: endings for 'he/she/it/you'; 'quien?' (who?); 'nadie, todo el mundo' (no one, all the world = everyone); 'hablar' (to speak); 'lo hacen' (they do it/are doing it); 'tu' (you); giving orders (imperative): 'habla - hable!' (you speak - speak!); 'este, esta, ese, esa, esto, eso' (this, that): 'este/ese libro' (this/that book), 'esta/esa mesa' (this/that table), 'voy a comprar esto/eso' (I'm going to buy this/that); 'lo, la, los, las' (it, those): 'el lo/la compra; el los/las compra' (he is buying it; he is buying them); negative orders: 'no lo compre!' (don't buy it!); 'contigo' (with you); -mos ending for 'we': 'hablamos, comemos, salimos' (we speak, we eat, we leave); 'vamos, van, vas' (we are going, they are going, you are going); 'Ilegar' (to arrive); 'go-go' verbs: 'tengo, vengo, salgo' (I have, I come, I leave); 'go-go' verbs become 'ga-ga' in the imperative: 'venga conmigo!' (come with me!); 'Ilamar' (to call); 'e to ie' verbs: 'tener - tiene' (to have - you have); 'comenzar, empezar, pensar, entender, querer' (to begin, to begin, to think, to understand, to want); 'o to ue' verbs: 'poder - puedo' (to be able to - I am able to = can); 'encontrar, recordar, volver; (to find, to remember, to return); 'nos, se': 'nos levantamos, se levanta' (we get [ourselves] up, you get [yourself] up); 'hay' (there is/are); 'ver' (to see): 'vemos, no lo veo, le veo manana' (we see, I don't see it, I'll see you tomorrow); - re = future ending = 'I will': 'hablare, comere, comprare'(I will talk, I will eat, I will buy); -remos = future ending = 'we will': 'esperaremos' (we will wait); three ways to form future; -ra, -ran, -ras = future endings = you/he/she/it will, you/they will, you will; 'ser, sera' (to be, it will be); 'go-go' verbs add 'd' for future: tener - tengo - tendre; salir - salgo - saldre' (to have, I have, I will have; to leave, I leave, I will leave); 'decir - digo - dire' (to say/tell, I say/tell, I will say/tell); 'hacer - hago - hare' (to do/make, I do/make, I will do/make); -ria ending = would: 'sera necesario - seria necesario; lo hare - lo haria' (it will be necessary - it would be necessary; I will do it - I would do it); 'mandar' (to send); 'quisiera' (I would like); forming the past: -ar verbs - -ado; -er/-ir verbs - -ido; 'he, hemos, ha, han, has' (I have, we have, you/he/she/it has, you have - when forming past tense); 'he comprado algo; lo hemos comprado' (I have bought something; we have bought it); 'hacer - lo he hecho; decir - le he dicho' (to do/make - I have done/made it; to say/tell; I have said/told it); to say 'let's': 'esperemos!; no lo compremos!' (let's wait!; let's not buy it!); -ing present: 'estoy esperando; lo estoy haciendo' (I am waiting; I am doing/making it); -ing past: -aba for -ar verbs; -ia for -er/-ir verbs: 'esperaba, salia, lo hacia' (I was waiting, I was leaving, I was making/doing it); 'esta hecho, preparado, dicho, visto, puesto' (it is done/made, prepared, said, seen, placed); 'tengo ganas de' (I have the urge to = I want); 'para saber' (for to know = in order to know); 'acabo de salir' (I have just left); 'hace': 'hace diez minutos' (ten minutes ago).
