PREFACE GUIDE TO PRONUNCIATION INTRODUCTION Word order: "the worm" CHAPTER 1 Participles Present participle Irregular participles Present partciples and English spelling Vocabulary 1 Future participle Perfect participle passive Using participles Participles of deponent verbs Alii ... alii Adsum / absum Quidam = a certain Adjectives for adverbs Hannibal and those elephants CHAPTER 2 The ablative absolute A word of advice More on ablative absolutes Vocabulary 2 Nullus, ullus, solus, totus Vetus Hannibal runs amok in Italy CHAPTER 3 Volo, nolo. malo Prohibitions Double questions The locative case Vocabulary 3 Mad cow disease? Vis By Jove! Ablative absolutes with sum "understood" The Battle of Cannae, 216 B.C. CHAPTER 4 Indirect statement Active tenses of the infinitive Passive tenses of the infinitive Passive indirect statements Ad summum montem Primary and histoic Vocabulary 4 Reflexive pronouns Reflexive pronouns and indirect statements Negative indirect statements Verbs of hoping, promising and threatening Which accusative, which infinitive? Revision After Cannae: the Romans re-group CHAPTER 5 Present subjunctive Final clauses Imperfect subjunctive The sequence of tenses Irregular verbs in the subjunctive Vocabulary 5 Exhortations and the jussive subjunctive Subordinate clauses in indirect speech Signpost words The Romans triumph at Zama, 204 B.C. CHAPTER 6 Consecutive clauses Vocabulary 6 Perfect subjunctive Uses of the perfect subjunctive Pluperfect subjunctive Temporal clauses Causal clauses More about cum Edo = I eat Fio = I become The 3rd (and final) Punic War Revision CHAPTER 7 Indirect Command Vocabulary 7 More on indirect command The man in the moon Indirect Question Compound verbs: a note on spelling Qui plus the subjunctive Mounting his horse More about dum Revision of constructions Rome at war, home and away CHAPTER 8 Simple conditions Improbable conditions Impossible conditions Negative conditions Mixed conditions Annos natus Quam = how! Vocabulary 8 Concessive clauses Predicative dative Verbs of fearing Mille and milia Price and value Defective verbs The revolt of Spartacus, 73 B.C. CHAPTER 9 Gerunds Causa= for the sake of The gerundive construction Gerundive of obligation Impersonal verbs Vocabulary 9 Quis, aliquis, quisque and quisquam More about indirect statements Julius Casesar CHAPTER 10 Coping with the set texts: prose authors Coping with the set texts: verse authors Scansion Scanning a hexameter line The caesura Common exceptions Elegiac couplets Shortened verb forms Unseen translation technique Vocabulary 10 The rise of Augustus LATIN CHECKLIST SUMMARY OF GRAMMAR APPENDIX; More on vowell quantity LATIN - ENGLISH VOCABULARY ENGLISH - LATIN VOCABULARY INDEX OF SUBJECTS