List of Illustrations x Notes on Contributors xii Abbreviations of Reference Works and Journals xvii Abbreviations of Works of Classical Literature xxii Introduction 1 Paul Erdkamp Part I Early Rome 5 1 Warfare and the Army in Early Rome 7 John Rich 2 The Army and Centuriate Organization in Early Rome 24 Gary Forsythe Part II Mid- and Late Republic 43 3 Army and Battle During the Conquest of Italy (350 264 bc) 45 Louis Rawlings 4 The Age of Overseas Expansion (264 146 bc) 63 Dexter Hoyos 5 The Late Republican Army (146 30 bc) 80 Pierre Cagniart 6 War and State Formation in the Roman Republic 96 Paul Erdkamp 7 Roman Manpower and Recruitment During the Middle Republic 114 Luuk de Ligt 8 Military Command, Political Power, and the Republican Elite 132 Nathan Rosenstein 9 Colonization, Land Distribution, and Veteran Settlement 148 Will Broadhead 10 Army and General in the Late Roman Republic 164 Lukas de Blois Part III The Empire (Actium to Adrianople) 181 The Structure of the Imperial Army 11 The Augustan Reform and the Structure of the Imperial Army 183 Kate Gilliver 12 Classes. The Evolution of the Roman Imperial Fleets 201 D. B. Saddington 13 Battle, Tactics, and the Emergence of the Limites in the West 218 James Thorne 14 The Army and the Limes in the East 235 Everett L. Wheeler 15 Strategy and Army Structure between Septimius Severus and Constantine the Great 267 Karl Strobel Military Organization 16 Military Documents, Languages, and Literacy 286 Sara Elise Phang 17 Finances and Costs of the Roman Army 306 Peter Herz 18 War- and Peacetime Logistics: Supplying Imperial Armies in East and West 323 Peter Kehne Army, Emperor, and Empire 19 The Roman Army and Propaganda 339 Olivier Hekster 20 The Army and the Urban Elite: A Competition for Power 359 Clifford Ando 21 Making Emperors. Imperial Instrument or Independent Force? 379 Anthony R. Birley Soldiers and Veterans in Society 22 Military Camps, Canabae, and Vici. The Archaeological Evidence 395 Norbert Hanel 23 Marriage, Families, and Survival: Demographic Aspects 417 Walter Scheidel 24 Recruits and Veterans 435 Gabriele Wesch-Klein 25 The Religions of the Armies 451 Oliver Stoll Part IV The Late Roman Empire (up to Justinian) 477 26 Warlords and Landlords 479 Wolf Liebeschuetz 27 The Foederati 495 Timo Stickler 28 Army and Society in the Late Roman World: A Context for Decline? 515 Michael Whitby 29 Army and Battle in the Age of Justinian (527 65) 532 Hugh Elton Index locorum 551 Index 555
