Contents Preface vii Contributors ix Acknowledgments xv SECTION 1: Epidemiology and biology of HIV infection 1 The global epidemiology of HIV/AIDS 3 Irum Zaidi, Kevin M De Cock 2 The origins and diversification of HIV 15 Michael Worobey, Guan-Zhu Han 3 Molecular biology of HIV: implications for new therapies 25 Warner C Greene, B Matija Peterlin, Matthew H Stremlau 4 The immune response to HIV 45 Clive M Gray, Pamela Gumbi, Lycias Zembe, Mopo Radebe, Bruce Walker 5 Viral and host determinants of HIV-1 disease progression 59 Danielle van Manen, Angelique B van 't Wout, Hanneke Schuitemaker 6 Acute HIV infection 77 Anthony D Kelleher, David A Cooper 7 Biology of HIV-1 transmission 89 Julie Overbaugh SECTION 2: Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV infection 8 The design of a global HIV vaccine 97 Jerome H Kim, Nelson L Michael 9 HIV prevention 113 Salim S Abdool Karim 10 Laboratory testing for HIV infection 123 James C Shepherd, Oliver Laeyendecker, Thomas C Quinn 11 Overview of antiretroviral therapy 133 Susa Coffey, Paul A Volberding 12 Development and transmission of HIV drug resistance 155 Mark A Wainberg, Gerasimos J Zaharatos 13 Pharmacology of antiretroviral drugs 169 Concepta Merry, Charles W Flexner 14 Complications resulting from antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection 177 David Nolan, Simon Mallal, Peter Reiss SECTION 3: Diseases associated with HIV infection 15 Oral complications of HIV infection 195 John S Greenspan, Deborah Greenspan 16 Ocular manifestations of AIDS 207 James P Dunn 17 Global HIV and dermatology 219 Toby Maurer, Robert Michelleti 18 Gastrointestinal disorders in HIV including diarrhea 237 Marie-Louise C Vachon, Douglas T Dieterich 19 Primary neurological manifestation of HIV/AIDS 249 David B Clifford, Mengesha A Teshome 20 Psychiatric barriers and the international AIDS epidemic 257 Chiadi U Onyike, Andrew F Angelino, Glenn J Treisman 21 Cardiovascular complications of HIV infection 267 Rakesh K Mishra 22 Endocrine complications of HIV infection 275 Steven A Taylor, Carl Grunfeld, Morris Schambelan 23 Renal complications of HIV infection 287 Jula K Inrig, Lynda A Szczech, Trevor E Gerntholtz, Paul E Klotman 24 Pneumocystis pneumonia 297 Robert J Blount, J Lucian Davis, Laurence Huang 25 Other HIV-related pneumonias 313 John G Bartlett 26 HIV-associated tuberculosis 325 Leyla Azis, Edward C Jones-Lopez, Jerrold J Ellner 27 Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex and other atypical mycobacterial infections 349 Mark A Jacobson 28 Candida in HIV infection 359 William G Powderly 29 Cryptococcosis and other fungal infections (histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis) in HIV-infected patients 369 Kathleen R Page, Richard E Chaisson, Merle Sande 30 Infection due to Penicillium marneffei 389 Thira Sirisanthana, Khuanchai Supparatpinyo 31 AIDS-associated toxoplasmosis 397 Pablo A Moncada, Jose G Montoya 32 Hepatitis virus infections 411 Marion G Peters, Monika Sarkar 33 Bartonella infections in HIV-infected individuals 421 Jane E Koehler 34 Management of herpesvirus infections (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and varicella-zoster virus) 433 W Lawrence Drew, Kim S Erlich 35 HIV-associated malignancies 455 Ronald T Mitsuyasu 36 STDs and syphilis 467 Elysia Larson, Jeffrey D Klausner SECTION 4: Prevention and management 37 Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 485 Lynne M Mofenson 38 Managing HIV infection in children and adolescents 509 Elizabeth H Doby, Andrew T Pavia 39 Special issues regarding women with HIV infection 521 Ruth M Greenblatt, Monica Gandhi 40 HIV disease among substance users: treatment issues 537 R Douglas Bruce, Frederick L Altice, Gerald Friedland 41 The HIV-infected international traveler 551 Malcolm John Index 561