Preface xiv
Faculty and Student Resources for Teaching and Learning with Janson's History of Art xix
Introduction xxi
PART FOUR: THE MODERN WORLD
Chapter 23: Art in the Age of the Enlightenment, 1750-1789
ROME TOWARD 1760: THE FONT OF NEOCLASSICISM 787
Artistic Foundations of Neoclassicism: Mengs and Hamilton 788
ROMANTICISM IN ROME: PIRANESI 789
NEOCLASSICISM IN BRITAIN 790
Sculpture and Painting: Historicism, Morality, and Antiquity 791
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Josiah Wedgwood and Neoclassical Jasperware 792
The Birth of Contemporary History Painting 793
Grand Manner Portraiture in the Neoclassical Style: Joshua Reynolds 795
THE ART HISTORIAN'S LENS: The Elusive Meaning of West's The Death of General Wolfe 795
Architecture and Interiors: The Palladian Revival 796
EARLY ROMANTICISM IN BRITAIN 798
Architecture and Landscape Design: The Sublime and the Picturesque 799
Early Romantic Painting in Britain 801
Romanticism in Grand Manner Portraiture: Thomas Gainsborough 805
NEOCLASSICISM IN FRANCE 806
Architecture: Rational Classicism 806
The Sublime in Neoclassical Architecture: The Austere and the Visionary 808
Painting and Sculpture: Expressing Enlightenment Values 810
PRIMARY SOURCES: Denis Diderot (1713-1784) 812
The Climax of Neoclassicism: The Paintings of Jacques-Louis David 813
PRIMARY SOURCES: Etienne-Jean Delecluze (1781-1863) 813
Neoclassical Portraiture: Marie-Louise-Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun 816
ITALIAN NEOCLASSICISM TOWARD 1785 817
Neoclassical Sculpture: Antonio Canova 817
Chapter 24: Art in the Age of Romanticism, 1789-1848
PAINTING 823
Spain: Francisco Goya 823
Britain: Spiritual Intensity and the Bond with Nature 825
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Blake's Printing Process 827
PRIMARY SOURCES: John Constable (1776-1837) 829
Germany: Friedrich's Pantheistic Landscape 831
America: Landscape as Metaphor 832
France: Neoclassical Romanticism 835
France: Painterly Romanticism and Romantic Landscape 840
PRIMARY SOURCES: Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863) 845
Romantic Landscape Painting 847
ROMANTIC SCULPTURE 850
ROMANTIC REVIVALS IN ARCHITECTURE 851
Britain: The Sublime and the Picturesque 851
Germany: Creating a New Athens 854
America: An Ancient Style for a New Republic 854
France: Empire Style 856
Chapter 25: The Age of Positivism: Realism, Impressionism, and the Pre-Raphaelites, 1848-1885
REALISM IN FRANCE 860
Realism in the 1840s and 1850s: Painting Contemporary Social Conditions 861
The Realist Assault on Academic Values and Bourgeois Taste 866
Impressionism: A Different Form of Realism 871
PRIMARY SOURCES: Lila Cabot Perry (1848?-1933) 872
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Impressionist Color Theory 874
BRITISH REALISM 881
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood 881
The Aesthetic Movement: Personal Psychology and Repressed Eroticism 884
PRIMARY SOURCES: James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834-1903) 885
REALISM IN AMERICA 887
Scientific Realism: Thomas Eakins 887
Iconic Imagery: Winslow Homer 888
THE ART HISTORIAN'S LENS: An Artist's Reputation and Changes in Art Historical Methodology 889
PHOTOGRAPHY: A MECHANICAL MEDIUM FOR MASS-PRODUCED ART 890
First Innovations 891
Recording the World 891
Reporting the News: Photojournalism 894
Photography as Art: Pictorialism and Combination Printing 895
PRIMARY SOURCES: Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867) 896
ARCHITECTURE AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 897
Ferrovitreous Structures: Train Sheds and Exhibition Palaces 898
Historic Eclecticism and Technology 899
Announcing the Future: The Eiffel Tower 900
Chapter 26: Progress and Its Discontents: Post-Impressionism, Symbolism, and Art Nouveau, 1880-1905
POST-IMPRESSIONISM 905
Paul Cezanne: Toward Abstraction 905
PRIMARY SOURCES: Paul Cezanne (1839-1906) 907
Georges Seurat: Seeking Social and Pictorial Harmony 908
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec: An Art for the Demimonde 911
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Lithography 911
Vincent van Gogh: Expression Through Color and Symbol 912
Paul Gauguin: The Flight from Modernity 915
PRIMARY SOURCES: Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) 917
SYMBOLISM 917
The Nabis 917
Other Symbolist Visions in France 918
Symbolism Beyond France 920
Symbolist Currents in American Art 922
THE ART HISTORIAN'S LENS: Feminist Art History 923
The Sculpture of Rodin 924
ART NOUVEAU AND THE SEARCH FOR MODERN DESIGN 927
The Public and Private Spaces of Art Nouveau 927
AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE: THE CHICAGO SCHOOL 931
Henry Hobson Richardson: Laying the Foundation for Modernist Architecture 931
Louis Sullivan and Early Skyscrapers 932
Frank Lloyd Wright and the Prairie House 934
PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE ADVENT OF FILM 936
Pictorialist Photography and the Photo Secession 936
Documentary Photography 939
Motion Photography and Moving Pictures 940
Chapter 27: Toward Abstraction: The Modernist Revolution, 1904-1914
FAUVISM 946
CUBISM 950
Reflecting and Shattering Tradition: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon 950
THE ART HISTORIAN'S LENS: The Myth of the Primitive 951
Analytic Cubism: Picasso and Braque 952
Synthetic Cubism: The Power of Collage 953
THE IMPACT OF FAUVISM AND CUBISM 955
German Expressionism 955
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: The Woodcut in German Expressionism 958
PRIMARY SOURCES: Vasily Kandinsky (1866-1944) 960
Austrian Expressionism 962
Cubism after Picasso and Braque: Paris 963
Italian Futurism: The Visualization of Movement and Energy 964
Cubo-Futurism and Suprematism in Russia 966
PRIMARY SOURCES: Kazimir Malevich (1878-1935) 968
Cubism and Fantasy: Marc Chagall and Giorgio de Chirico 969
MARCEL DUCHAMP AND THE ADVENT OF AN ART OF IDEAS 970
CONSTANTIN BRANCUSI AND THE BIRTH OF MODERNIST SCULPTURE 972
AMERICAN ART 974
America's First Modernists: Arthur Dove and Marsden Hartley 975
EARLY MODERN ARCHITECTURE IN EUROPE 976
Austrian and German Modernist Architecture 976
German Expressionist Architecture 979
Chapter 28: Art Between the Wars
DADA 985
Zurich Dada: Jean Arp 985
New York Dada: Marcel Duchamp 986
Berlin Dada 987
Cologne Dada 991
PRIMARY SOURCES: Hannah Hoech (1889-1978) 991
Paris Dada: Man Ray 992
SURREALISM 993
Picasso and Surrealism 993
Surrealism in Paris: Spurring the Imagination 995
Representational Surrealism: Magritte and Dali 996
Surrealism and Photography 999
The Surrealist Object 999
ORGANIC SCULPTURE OF THE 1930S 1000
Alexander Calder in Paris 1001
Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth in England 1002
PRIMARY SOURCES: Barbara Hepworth (1903-1975) 1003
CREATING UTOPIAS 1003
Russian Constructivism: Productivism and Utilitarianism 1003
De Stijl and Universal Order 1005
The Bauhaus: Creating the "New Man" 1007
PRIMARY SOURCES: Piet Mondrian (1872-1944) 1007
The Machine Aesthetic in Paris 1011
PRIMARY SOURCES: Le Corbusier (1886-1965) 1012
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Reinforced Concrete 1013
ART IN AMERICAN: MODERNITY, SPIRITUALITY, AND REGIONALISM 1015
The City and Industry 1015
Art Deco and the International Style 1020
Seeking the Spiritual 1021
Regionalism and National Identity 1023
The Harlem Renaissance 1024
MEXICAN ART: SEEKING A NATIONAL IDENTITY 1025
Diego Rivera 1025
THE EVE OF WORLD WAR II 1028
America: The Failure of Modernity 1028
Europe: The Rise of Fascism 1030
Chapter 29: Postwar to Postmodern, 1945-1980
EXISTENTIALISM IN NEW YORK: ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM 1036
The Bridge from Surrealism to Abstract Expressionism: Arshile Gorky 1036
Abstract Expressionism: Action Painting 1038
PRIMARY SOURCES: Jackson Pollock (1912-1956) 1038
Abstract Expressionism: Color-Field Painting 1040
New York Sculpture: David Smith and Louise Nevelson 1041
EXISTENTIALISM IN EUROPE: FIGURAL EXPRESSIONISM 1042
Jean Dubuffet 1042
Francis Bacon 1043
REJECTING ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM: AMERICAN ART OF THE 1950s AND 1960s 1044
Re-Presenting Life and Dissecting Painting 1044
Environments and Performance Art 1046
Pop Art: Consumer Culture as Subject 1049
PRIMARY SOURCES: Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997) 1050
FORMALIST ABSTRACTION OF THE 1950s AND 1960s 1053
Formalist Painting 1053
Formalist Sculpture: Minimal Art 1056
PRIMARY SOURCES: Frank Stella (b. 1936) 1056
THE PLURALIST 1970s: POST-MINIMALISM 1058
Post-Minimal Sculpture: Geometry and Emotion 1058
Earthworks and Site-Specific Art 1059
THE ART HISTORIAN'S LENS: Studying the Absent Object 1059
Conceptual Art: Art as Idea 1062
Television Art: Nam June Paik 1063
ART WITH A SOCIAL AGENDA 1064
Street Photography 1064
African-American Art: Ethnic Identity 1065
PRIMARY SOURCES: Romare Bearden (1911-1988) 1066
Feminist Art: Judy Chicago and Gender Identity 1068
LATE MODERNIST ARCHITECTURE 1069
Continuing the International Style: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 1069
Sculptural Architecture: Referential Mass 1070
Chapter 30: The Postmodern Era: Art Since 1980
ARCHITECTURE 1077
Postmodern Architecture: A Referential Style 1077
New Modernisms: High-Tech Architecture 1080
Deconstructivism: Countering Modernist Authority 1082
MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES: Computer-Aided Design in Architecture 1085
POSTMINIMALISM AND PLURALISM: LIMITLESS POSSIBILITIES IN FINE ART 1085
The Return of Painting 1085
Sculpture 1089
APPROPRIATION ART: DECONSTRUCTING IMAGES 1091
PRIMARY SOURCES: Cindy Sherman (b. 1954) 1091
Photography and LED Signs 1092
Context and Meaning in Art: The Institutional Critique and Art as Commodity 1094
MULTICULTURALISM AND POLITICAL ART 1096
African-American Identity 1096
The AIDS Pandemic and a Preoccupation with the Body 1098
The Power of Installation, Video, and Large-Scale Photography 1100
PRIMARY SOURCES: Ilya Kabakov (b. 1933) 1102
THE ART HISTORIAN'S LENS: The Changing Art Market 1104
GLOBAL ART 1105
El Anatsui, Adinkra Signs, and Postmodern Ambiguity 1105
Cai Guo Qing: Projects for Extraterrestrials 1106
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
Credits