*=New to this Edition Preface: PART I: PHILOSOPHY Logical Toolkit: Writing Philosophy Papers: 1. Bertrand Russell, The Value of Philosophy 2. Plato, Apology: Defence of Socrates PART II: GOD AND EVIL A. Why Believe? 3. Saint Anselm, The Ontological Argument 4. Saint Thomas Aquinas, The Existence of God 5. William Paley, Natural Theology 6. Blaise Pascal, The Wager B. The Problem of Evil 7. David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion 8. Gottfried Leibniz, God, Evil, and the Best of All Possible Worlds * 9. William L. Rowe, The Problem of Evil and Some Varieties of Atheism 10. John Perry, Dialogue on Good, Evil, and the Existence of God 11. Marilyn McCord Adams, Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God 12. Stewart Sutherland, Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God 13. Eleonore Stump, The Mirror of Evil 14. Louise Antony, For the Love of Reason PART III: KNOWLEDGE AND REALITY A. Plato, Descartes, and the Problems of Skepticism * 15. Plato, Plato's Allegory of the Cave 16. Rene Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy * 17. Zhuangzi, Excerpts from Zhuangzi 18. Christopher Grau, Bad Dreams, Evil Demons, and the Experience Machine: Philosophy and The Matrix B. Hume's Problems and Some Solutions 19. David Hume, Of Scepticism with Regard to the Senses 20. David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 21. W. C. Salmon, The Problem of Induction PART IV: MINDS, BODIES, AND PERSONS A. The Traditional Problem of Mind and Body 22. Bertrand Russell, The Argument from Analogy for Other Minds 23. Gilbert Ryle, Descartes's Myth 24. David M. Armstrong, The Nature of Mind 25. Paul M. Churchland, Eliminative Materialism 26. Frank Jackson, What Mary Didn't Know * 27. Patricia Churchland, Neurophilosophy B. Minds, Brains, and Machines 28. A. M. Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence 29. John R. Searle, Minds, Brains, and Programs C. Personal Identity 30. John Perry, A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality 31. Bernard Williams, The Self and the Future 32. Derek Parfit, Personal Identity 33. J. David Velleman, So It Goes 34. Daniel Dennett, Where Am I? * 35. Marya Schechtman, Personhood and Personal Identity * 36. Agnieszka Jaworska, Rejecting the Margins of Agency: Alzheimer's Patients and the Capacity to Value D. Freedom, Determinism, and Responsibility 37. Roderick M. Chisholm, Human Freedom and the Self 38. David Hume, Of Liberty and Necessity 39. Harry G. Frankfurt, Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility 40. John Martin Fischer, Responsiveness and Moral Responsibility 41. Harry G. Frankfurt, Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person 42. Gary Watson, Free Agency 43. Susan Wolf, Sanity and the Metaphysics of Responsibility PART V: ETHICS AND SOCIETY A. Utilitarianism 44. Jeremy Bentham, The Principle of Utility 45. John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism 46. E. F. Carritt, Criticisms of Utilitarianism 47. J. J. C. Smart, Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism 48. Bernard Williams, Utilitarianism and Integrity * 49. Mozi, Excerpts from Mozi 50. Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence, and Morality B. Kantian Ethics 51. Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals 52. Onora O'Neill, Kantian Approaches to Some Famine Problems C. Aristotelian Ethics 53. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 54. Rosalind Hursthouse, Right Action D. Justice and Equality 55. John Rawls, A Theory of Justice 56. Robert Nozick, Justice and Entitlement 57. G. A. Cohen, Where the Action Is: On the Site of Distributive Justice 58. John Stuart Mill, The Subjection of Women 59. Annette C. Baier, The Need for More Than Justice E. Contemporary Moral Problems 60. Judith Jarvis Thomson, A Defense of Abortion 61. Rosalind Hursthouse, Thomson's Arguments 62. Debra Satz, Markets in Women's Reproductive Labor 63. Kwame Anthony Appiah, Racisms 64. Linda Martin Alcoff, Racism and Visible Race PART VI: EXISTENTIAL ISSUES 65. Albert Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus 66. Thomas Nagel, The Absurd 67. Richard Taylor, The Meaning of Human Existence 68. Susan Wolf, The Meanings of Lives 69. Thomas Nagel, Death 70. Anthony L. Brueckner and John Martin Fischer, Why Is Death Bad? * 71. Amy Olberding, Sorrow and the Sage: Grief in the Zhuangzi * 72. Jenann Ismael, The Ethical Importance of Death 73. Dan Moller, Love and Death PART VII: PUZZLES AND PARADOXES A. Zeno's Paradoxes Achilles and the Tortoise The Racecourse The Argument Against Plurality B. Metaphysical and Epistemological Puzzles and Paradoxes The Paradox of Identity The Paradox of the Heap The Surprise Examination Goodman's New Riddle of Induction C. Puzzles of Rational Choice The Prisoner's Dilemma Newcomb's Problem Kavka's Toxin Puzzle Quinn's Puzzle of the Self-Torturer D. Paradoxes of Logic, Set Theory, and Semantics The Paradox of the Liar Other Versions of the Liar Russell's Paradox Grelling's Paradox E. Puzzles of Ethics The Trolley Problem Ducking Harm and Sacrificing Others Glossary of Philosophical Terms:
