1 HYDROLOGIC PRINCIPLES 1
1.1 Introduction to Hydrology 1
1.2 Hydrologic Cycle 8
1.3 Weather Systems 14
1.4 Precipitation 29
1.5 Streamflow and the Hydrograph 43
1.6 Hydrologic Measurement 45
1.7 Hydrologic Loss-Evaporation and ET 55
1.8 Hydrologic Loss-Infiltration 65
1.9 Green and Ampt Infiltration Method 70
2 HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS 96
2.1 Watershed Concepts 96
2.2 Rainfall-Runoff 100
2.3 Hydrograph Analysis 102
2.4 Unit Hydrograph Theory 115
2.5 Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Development 128
2.6 Applications of Unit Hydrographs 143
2.7 Linear and Kinematic Wave Mode 147
2.8 Snowfall and Snowmelt 151
3 FREQUENCY ANALYSIS 171
3.1 Introduction 171
3.2 Probability Concepts 177
3.3 Random Variables and Probability Distributions 179
3.4 Return Period or Recurrence Interval 190
3.5 Common Probabilistic Models 193
3.6 Graphical Presentation of Data 210
3.7 Regional Analysis 223
3.8 Related Topics 224
4 FLOOD ROUTING 241
4.1 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Routing 241
4.2 Hydrologic River Routing 248
4.3 Hydrologic Reservoir Routing 257
4.4 Governing Equations for Hydraulic River Routing 268
4.5 Movement of a Flood Wave 271
4.6 Kinematic Wave Routing 275
4.7 Hydraulic River Routing 290
5 HYDROLOGIC SIMULATION MODELS 312
5.1 Introduction to Hydrologic Models 312
5.2 Steps in Watershed Modeling 315
5.3 Description of Major Hydrologic Models 317
5.4 HEC Flood Hydrograph Models 319
5.5 Introduction to HEC-HMS 327
5.6 HEC-HMS Watershed Analysis: Case Study 338
6 URBAN HYDROLOGY 356
6.1 Characteristics of Urban Hydrology 356
6.2 Review of Physical Processes 362
6.3 Rainfall Analysis in Urban Basins 369
6.4 Methods for Quantity Analysis 379
6.5 Sewer System Hydraulics 393
6.6 Control Options 397
7 FLOODPLAIN HYDRAULICS 444
7.1 Uniform Flow 444
7.2 Uniform Flow Computations 448
7.3 Specific Energy and Critical Flow 453
7.4 Occurrence of Critical Depth 457
7.5 Nonuniform Flow or Gradually Varied Flow 458
7.6 Gradually Varied Flow Equations 458
7.7 Classification of Water Surface Profiles 463
7.8 Hydraulic Jump 467
7.9 Introduction to the HEC-RAS Model 469
7.10 Theoretical Basis for HEC-RAS 470
7.11 Basic Data Requirements (Steady State) 472
7.12 Optional HEC-RAS Capabilities 476
7.13 Bridge Modeling in HEC-RAS 477
7.14 HEC-RAS Features 483
8 GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY 500
8.1 Introduction 500
8.2 Properties of Ground Water 503
8.3 Ground Water Movement 508
8.4 Flow Nets 513
8.5 General Flow Equations 516
8.6 Dupuit Equation 518
8.7 Streamlines and Equipotential Lines 523
8.8 Unsaturated Flow 524
8.9 Steady-State Well Hydraulics 525
8.10 Unsteady Well Hydraulics 533
8.11 Water Wells 544
8.12 Ground Water Modeling Techniques 547
9 DESIGN APPLICATIONS IN HYDROLOGY 565
9.1 Introduction 565
9.2 Drainage Collection Systems 566
9.3 Design of Culverts 581
9.4 Detention Basins Used to Mitigate Project Impacts 596
9.5 Floodplain Management Design Issues 608
10 GIS APPLICATIONS IN HYDROLOGY 633
10.1 Introduction to GIS 633
10.2 General GIS Concepts 635
10.3 Digital Representation Hydrologic Parameters 641
10.4 Digital Representation of Topography 643
10.5 GIS-Based Hydrology and Hydraulics 646
10.6 Common GIS Software Programs 652
11 RADAR RAINFALL APPLICATIONS IN HYDROLOGY 658
11.1 Introduction 658
11.2 Radar Estimation of Rainfall 664
11.3 Nexrad (WSR-88D) Radar System 671
11.4 Gage Adjustment of Radar 676
11.5 Hydrologic Applications 681
12 SEVERE STORM IMPACTS AND FLOOD MANAGEMENT 709
12.1 Introduction 709
12.2 Flood Management Issues and Basic Terminology 710
12.3 Structural and Nonstructural Methods of Flood Control 713
12.4 The Flood Control Paradox 721
12.5 The 2005 Hurricane Season: Katrina, Rita, and Emily 722
12.6 Improved Strategies Toward Flood Management 732
APPENDIX A SYMBOLS AND NOTATION 742
APPENDIX B CONVERSION FACTORS 745
APPENDIX C PROPERTIES OF WATER 747
APPENDIX D NORMAL DISTRIBUTION TABLES 749
APPENDIX E USEFUL HYDROLOGY-RELATED INTERNET LINKS 751
GLOSSARY 758
INDEX 775
