<>PREFACE
1The Policy-Based Profession
The Target of Social Work--The Individual and Society
The Social Function of Social Work
The Dual Targets of Social Work
The Dominance of Micropractice
Social Work's Pursuit of Professional Status
The Policy-Based Profession
Expert Technique
Professional Practice within an Organizational Context
Summary and Practice Implications
Policy Determines the Major Goals of Service
Policy Determines Characteristics of Clientele
Policy Determines Who Will Get Services
Policy Specifies, or Restricts, Certain Options for Clients
Policy Determines the Theoretical Focus of Services
Conclusion
Notes
2Defining Social Welfare Policy
Social Welfare Policy--Basic Definition
Factors Complicating the Definition of Social Welfare Policy
Social Welfare Policy and Social Policy
Social Welfare Policy as an Academic Discipline and a Social Work Curriculum Area
Social Workers Are Interested in Social Welfare Policy in All Sectors of the Economy
The Multiple Levels of Social Welfare Policy
Social Welfare Policy--A Working Definition
Conclusion
Notes
PART II Social Welfare Policy Analysis
Policy Analysis Outline
3Social Welfare Policy Analysis: Basic Concepts
The Many Meanings of Policy Analysis
Methods of Policy Analysis
Descriptive Analysis
Process Analysis
Evaluation
Policy Analysis Methods as Ideal Types
Policy Analysis as Science, Art, and Politics
Conclusion
Notes
4Policy Analysis from a Historical Perspective
Historical Context of Social Welfare Policies
The Role of History in Understanding Policy
Examples of Policy History
Historical Analysis of Agency Policy
Methods of Social Work History
The Benton Park Crisis Center
Conclusion
Notes
5Social/Economic Analysis
Delineation of the Policy under Analysis
Social Problem Analysis
Facts Related to the Problem
Completeness of Knowledge Related to the Problem
Population Affected by the Problem
Theory of Human Behavior Undergirding the Policy
Social Values Related to the Problem
Achievement and Success
Activity and Work
Moral Orientation
Humanitarian Mores
Efficiency and Practicality
Progress
Material Comfort
Equality
Freedom
External Conformity
Science and Secular Rationality
Nationalism-Patriotism
Democracy
Individual Personality
Racism, Sexism, and Related Group Superiority Themes
Contradictions in the U.S. Value System
Goals of the Policy under Analysis
Hypotheses Underlying the Policy
Economic Analysis
Macroeconomic Analysis
Opportunity Cost
Effects on Individual Consumer Behavior
Conclusion
Notes
6Politics and Social Welfare Policy
The Politics of Policy Making
Models of Policy Making
Who Makes Policy?
How Are Policies Made?
Phases in the Policy Process
Conclusion
Notes
PART III The Framework Applied
7Fighting Poverty: Temporary Assistance to Needy Families
Historical Analysis
Recent Welfare Reform Efforts
Social Analysis
Problem Description
Population
Relevant Research
Values and Welfare Reform
Economic Analysis
Macroeconomic Issues
Microeconomic Analysis
Evaluation
Is TANF Succeeding?
Conclusion
American Values Related to Welfare Have Permanently Changed
Welfare Is Not the Problem; Poverty Is the Problem
Public Assistance Is a Social Condition, Not a Social Problem
Selected Web Sites on Welfare Reform
Notes
8 Aging: Social Security as an Entitlement
The Problem That Social Security Was Developed to Solve
The Social Security Act of 1935
Historical Development of Social Security Programs in the United States
Precedents of the Social Security Act
Creation of the Social Security Act
Changes in Social Security
Contemporary Analysis of Social Security
Social Analysis
Political Analysis
Economic Analysis and Proposals for Reform
Pensions
Conclusion
Selected Web Sites on Social Security and Pensions
Notes
9Mental Health: Managed Care
The Problem That Managed Mental Health Care Was Developed to Solve
The Costs of Mental Health Care
Incidence and Treatment of Mental Health Problems
Managed Mental Health Care
How Does Managed Mental Health Care Work?
Managed Care in an Agency Setting
Managed Mental Health Care in the Public Sector
The History of Managed Care
The Economics of Managed Care
Social Analysis of Managed Care
The Political Context of Managed Care
Social Workers and Managed Care
Influencing the System
Interview with an Advocate
Current Proposals for Policy Reform
Conclusion
Selected Web Sites on Mental Health and Managed Care
Notes
10Substance Abuse Policies
The Problem of Substance Abuse
The History of Substance Abuse Policies
Social and Economic Analysis of Substance Abuse Policies
Political Analysis
Analysis of Two Policies: Drug Tests for Welfare Clients and Separation of Treatment for Those Who Are Dually Diagnosed
Drug Tests for Welfare Clients
Separation of Treatment for Those with Mental Health and Substance Abuse Problems
Conclusion
Selected Web Sites on Substance Abuse
Notes
11Child Welfare: Family Preservation Policy
Historical Analysis
The Child Rescue Movement
Social Work Takes Over
Child Abuse Becomes the Dominant Theme
Foster Care--From Solution to Problem
The Emergence of Family Preservation
Social Analysis
Problem Description
Political Analysis
Economic Analysis
Policy/Program Evaluation
Current Proposals for Policy Reform
Conclusion
Selected Web Sites on Family Preservation
Notes
12 Taking Action Policy Practice for Social Workers
Analytical Skill - Program Evaluation
Interactional Skills - Negotiation and Pursuasion
Subprocesses of Negotiation
Stages of Negotiation
Strategy and Tactics of Negotiation
Political Skills
Building Coalitions
Information Dissemination
Lobbying
Political Action for Candidate Electtion
Running for Office
Notes
13 Conclusion
Lessons from Policy Analysis
The Bottom Line Is the Bottom Line
Compassion and Protection: Dual Motivations for Social Welfare Policy
Ideology Drives Out Data in Social Welfare Policy Making
Policymakers Are Generally More Sophisticated Than They Appear
Our Expectations for Social Welfare Policy Are Unrealistic
Taking Action--Policy Practice for Social Workers
Program Evaluation
Building Coalitions
Information Dissemination
Lobbying
Political Action for Candidate Election
Running for Office
Notes
Appendix Historical Policy Analysis Research
Index