Part I. Introduction: 1. Technological learning, oversights and foresights: an overview Raghu Garud, Praveen Nayyar and Zur Shapira; Part II. Learning to Flip Coins: 2. On flipping coins and making technology choices: luck as an explanation of technological foresight and oversight Jay Barney; 3. Technological choices and the inevitability of errors Raghu Garud, Praveen Nayyar and Zur Shapira; 4. Rational entrepreneurs or optimistic martyrs? Some considerations on technological regimes, industrial dynamics, and the evolutionary role of decision biases Giovanni Dosi and Dan Lovallo; Part III. Tailoring Fits: 5. Cognition and capabilities: opportunities seized and missed in the history of the computer industry Richard Langlois; 6. Changing the game of corporate research: learning to think in the fog of reality John Seeley Brown; 7. Environmental determinants of work motivation, creativity and innovation: the case of R&D downsizing Teresa Amabile and Regina Conti; Part IV. Remembering to Forget: 8. Local rationality, global blunders, and the boundaries of technological choice: lessons from IBM and DOS Joseph Porac; 9. Of life cycles real and imaginary Rebecca Henderson; 10. Three faces of organizational learning: wisdom, inertia, and discovery Dan Levinthal; 11. Organizational entrepreneurship in mature industry firms: foresight, oversight and invisibility Mariann Jelinek; 12. Minimizing technological oversights: a marketing research perspective Jehoshua Eliashberg, Gary L. Lilien and Vithala R. Rao; Part V. (S)top Management and Culture: 13. Firm capabilites and managerial decision-making: a theory of innovation biases, Janet Bercovitz, John Figueiredo and David Teece; 14. Organizational responsiveness to environmental shock as an indicator of organizational foresight and oversight: the role of executive team characteristics and organizational context Peter Murmann and Michael Tushman; 15. Technological innovation, learning and leadership Andrew H. Van de Ven and David Grazman; 16. Risky lessons: conditions for organizational learning Baruch Fischhoff, Zvi Lanir and Stephen Johnson; 17. Exploiting enthusiasm: a case study of applied theories of innovation Gideon Kunda; Part VI. Clearing the Fog: 18. Beating the odds: towards a theory of technological innovation Raghu Garud, Praveen Nayyar, and Zur Shapira.