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Critical Thinking Robert H. Ennis

Critical Thinking By Robert H. Ennis

Critical Thinking by Robert H. Ennis

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Summary

Provides a general approach to critical thinking skills that can be applied to all disciplines. With an emphasis on writing, as well as on deciding what to believe or do, it offers discussions and practice of such skills as observing, making judgements and developing ideas and alternatives.

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Critical Thinking Summary

Critical Thinking by Robert H. Ennis

For courses in Critical Thinking or Informal Logic.

Unique in perspective, this text provides a general approach to critical thinking skills that can be applied to all disciplines. With an emphasis on writing, as well as on deciding what to believe or do, it offers extended discussions, examples, and practice of such skills as observing, making judgments, planning experiments, and developing ideas and alternatives.

Table of Contents



1. Introduction: Decision and Argument.


Argument. CheckUps. CheckUp 1A. Six Basic Elements in Critical Thinking: The FRISCO Approach. Writing a Position Paper Using Critical Thinking. Responsibility for the Wise Exercise of Your Knowledge. Chapter Summary. CheckUp 1B. Suggested Answers for Chapter 1.


2. Argument Analysis: Identifying Conclusions and Reasons.


The Murder Trial. Conclusions and Reasons. CheckUp 2A. CheckUp 2B. Propositions with Two or More Parts. Figuring Out the Conclusion. Since and Because in Explanations that Try to Account for Something. Summary So Far. CheckUp 2C. An Alternative: Diagramming the Whole Argument. CheckUp 2D. Suggested Answers for Chapter 2.


3. The Credibility of Sources.


Four Basic Criteria for Credibility. Tabulating the Results. CheckUp 3A. Further Criteria. CheckUp 3B. Fallacy Labels. Chapter Summary. CheckUp 3C. Suggested Answers for Chapter 3.


4. Observation.


Credibility Criteria. Conclusions Versus Observations. CheckUp 4A. The Process of Observing. Observation Reports. CheckUp 4B. Making an Overall Appraisal of an Observation Statement. Chapter Summary. CheckUp 4C. Suggested Answers for Chapter 4.


5. Deduction: Class Logic.


Deductive Validity and Invalidity. CheckUp 5A. A Basic Circle System. CheckUp 5B. CheckUp 5C. CheckUp 5D. Suggested Answers for Chapter 5.


6. Deduction: Propositional Logic.


Propositions. IfThen Reasoning. Summary. CheckUp 6A. Affirming and Denying the Antecedent and Consequent. Summary So Far. CheckUp 6B. Negation. CheckUp 6C. Saving Time with Letters. CheckUp 6D. Suggested Answers for Chapter 6. Conjunction, Alternation, and Embedded Complex Propositions. CheckUp 6E.


7. Applications of Deductive Logic: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions, Straight Deduction, Loose Derivation, and Assumption Attribution.


Necessary and Sufficient Conditions. Soundness in Deductive Logic. Three Cases of Deduction in Context. Loose Derivation. Summary So Far. CheckUp 7A. Assumption Attribution and Identification. CheckUp 7B. Application of Deductive Logic in Writing Position Papers. The Distinction Between Needed and Used Implicit Assumptions in Real Situations. Summary. CheckUp 7C. Suggested Answers for Chapter 7.


8. Experimentation, Diagnosis, and Troubleshooting.


Control Group Experimentation. CheckUp 8A. Systematic control of the VariablesWithout Using a Separate Control Group. CheckUp 8B. Comparability. Summary so Far. CheckUp 8C. Experimental Reasoning Assumptions. The Reasoning Pattern in Rejecting Hypotheses. Accepting Hypotheses: Four Criteria. Summary so Farand Comment. CheckUp 8D. Diagnosis or Troubleshooting. CheckUp 8E. Writing About Your Results. CheckUp 8F. Chapter Summary. Suggested Answers for Chapter 8.


9. Best-Explanation and Causal Inference: Argument and Writing Strategy.


Best-Explanation Hypotheses. Check-Up 9A. Necessarily Following: Deductive Versus Best-Explanation Inference and General Argument Strategy. Check-up 9B. Causation. Check-Up 9C. Best-Explanation and Casual Reasoning in Position Papers and Other Argumentative Writings. Check-Up 9D. Suggested Answers for Chapter 9.


10. Generalization: Meaning, Sampling, Typicality, Tables, Graphs, and Correlations.


Types of Generalizations. Check-up 10A. Sampling and Typicality. Check-Up 10B. Interpretation of Data: Tables, Graphs, and Correlations. Check- Up 10C. Suggested Answers for Chapter 10.


11. Making Value Judgements.


The Distinction Between Value Statements and Factual Statements. Loose Derivation from Principles and Factual Statements. Summary. Sheck-Up 11A. Facts About the past: Future Consequences. Weighing Reasons. FRISCO. Writing a Value Argument. Summary. Check-Up 11B. Relativism. Check-Up 11C. Suggested Answers for Chapter 11.


12. Reported Definition and Definition Forms.


Reported Definition. Check-Up 12A. The Classification Definition Form. Check-Up 12B. Some Alternatives to Classification Definition. Using Definitions in Your Writing. Check-Up 12C. Suggested Answers for Chapter 12.


13. Arbitrary Stipulative Definition, Positional Definition, and Definition Strategy.


Arbitrary Stipulative Definition and Positional Definition. Check-Up 13A. Definitional Strategy. Summary. Check-Up 13B. Writing That Consciously Takes Account of Definitional Activities. Check-Up 13C. Suggested Answers for Chapter 13.


14. Applying Critical Thinking: FRISCO, Overview, and Critical Thinking in Conversation and Presentation.


Broad Critical Thinking Elements: FRISCO. Check-Ups. Check-Up 14A. Thinking Critically When Discussing Things with Others. Check-Up 14B. Check-Up 14C. Check-Up 14D. Summary. Suggested Answers for Chapter 14.


You Have Reached the End of This Book.


Epilogue.


Glossary.


Index.

Additional information

CIN0133747115VG
9780133747119
0133747115
Critical Thinking by Robert H. Ennis
Robert H. Ennis
Used - Very Good
Paperback
Pearson Education (US)
1995-12-05
432
N/A
Book picture is for illustrative purposes only, actual binding, cover or edition may vary.
This is a used book - there is no escaping the fact it has been read by someone else and it will show signs of wear and previous use. Overall we expect it to be in very good condition, but if you are not entirely satisfied please get in touch with us

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