1. Introduction Robert M. Haberle, R. Todd Clancy, Francois Forget, Michael D. Smith and Richard W. Zurek; 2. Understanding Mars and its atmosphere Richard W. Zurek; 3. History of Mars atmosphere observations Philip B. James, Philip R. Christensen, R. Todd Clancy, Mark T. Lemmon and Paul Withers; 4. Thermal structure and composition Michael D. Smith, Stephen Bougher, Therese Encrenaz, Francois Forget and Armin Kleinbohl; 5. Mars clouds R. Todd Clancy, Franck Montmessin, Jennifer Benson, Frank Daerden, Anthony Colaprete and Michael J. Wolff; 6. Radiative process: techniques and applications Michael J. Wolff, Miguel Lopez-Valverde, Jean-Baptiste Madeleine, R. John Wilson, Michael D. Smith, Thierry Fouchet and Gregory T. Delory; 7. The Martian planetary boundary layer Peter L. Read, Boris Galperin, Sren E. Larsen, Stephen R. Lewis, Anni Maattanen, Arakel Petrosyan, Nilton Renno, Hannu Savijarvi, Tero Siili, Aymeric Spiga, Anthony Toigo and Luis Vazquez; 8. Mesoscale meteorology Scot C. R. Rafkin, Aymeric Spiga and Timothy I. Michaels; 9. The global circulation Jeffrey R. Barnes, Robert M. Haberle, R. John Wilson, Stephen R. Lewis, James R. Murphy and Peter L. Read; 10. The Mars dust cycle Melinda A. Kahre, James R. Murphy, Claire E. Newman, R. John Wilson, Bruce A. Cantor, Mark T. Lemmon and Michael J. Wolff; 11. The water cycle Frank Montmessin, Michael D. Smith, Yves Langevin, Michael T. Mellon and Anna Federova; 12. The CO2 cycle Timothy N. Titus, Shane Byrne, Anthony Colaprete, Francois Forget, Timothy I. Michaels and Thomas H. Prettyman; 13. Atmospheric photochemistry Franck Lefevre and Vladimir Krasnoplosky; 14. Upper neutral atmosphere and ionosphere Stephen W. Bougher, David A. Brain, Jane L. Fox, Francisco Gonzalez-Galindo, C. Simon-Welund and Paul Withers; 15. Solar wind interaction and atmospheric escape David A. Brain, Sergey Barabash, Stephen W. Bougher, Firat Duru, Bruce M. Jakosky and Ronan Modolo; 16. Recent climate variations Francois Forget, Shane Byrne, James W. Head, Michael A. Mischna and Norbert Schorghofer; 17. The early Mars climate system Robert M. Haberle, David C. Catling, Michael H. Carr and Kevin J. Zahnle; 18. Future prospects Robert M. Haberle, Todd Clancy, Francois Forget, Michael D. Smith and Richard W. Zurek; Index.