Preface Vi
Acknowledgments Ix
1 What Is Lost Space? 1
The Problem Of Urban Design Today 1
Lost Space Defined 3
The Causes 4
Redesigning Lost Space 18
2 Development Of Twentieth-Century Space 21
Functionalism 21
The Functionalist Grid 30
Critical Reactions 35
Physical Manifestations 37
3 Urban Space Precedents 60
Hard Space 61
Soft Space 86
4 Three Theories Of Urban Spatial Design 97
Figure-Ground Theory 98
Linkage Theory 106
Place Theory 112
5 Case Studies 125
Introduction 125
Case Study 1: Boston, Massachusetts 128
Case Study 2: Washington, D.C. 149
Case Study 3: Goeteborg, Sweden 176
Case Study 4: Byker, Newcastle, England 208
6 Toward An Integrated Approach To Urban Design 219
Principles 220
The Designer's Role 225
The Design Process 228
Toward The Year 2000 233
Notes 235
Bibliography 239
Index 242