'Latin America's 'Left Turn' produced strikingly diverse outcomes, ranging from moderate reform and stable democracy in Chile and Uruguay to polarization and democratic erosion in Ecuador and Venezuela. Although numerous studies have sought to explain this variation, State Crisis in Fragile Democracies stands out as the best. Building on Guillermo O'Donnell, Handlin's book highlights the centrality of the state in shaping party system and regime outcomes in Latin America. It demonstrates with impressive rigor that it was state crisis - not public opposition to neoliberalism, the weakness of political parties or commodity rents - that drove polarizing populism and democratic crisis in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. This book will make an enduring contribution to our understanding of contemporary populism and political regimes. I recommend it to all students of Latin American politics.' Steven Levitsky, Harvard University, Massachusetts
'State Crisis in Fragile Democracies: Polarization and Political Regimes in South America is a major work on some of the most politically and theoretically important issues in contemporary South American politics. What explains different trajectories in party system polarization and political regimes in the post Cold-War era in Latin America? Samuel Handlin's book advances a novel theoretical argument and makes an important empirical contribution on both of these burning issues.' Scott Mainwaring, Harvard University, Massachusetts
'State Crisis in Fragile Democracies is an impressive piece of work that breaks new ground in the study of political institutions, polarization, and democracy in South America and beyond. Samuel Handlin provides an original interpretation for the rise of two quite different 'lefts' in the recent Latin American experience, placing the paradigmatic cases of Brazil and Venezuela in a larger comparative perspective. This interpretation highlights the importance of political factors in shaping different types of leftist alternatives, focusing on the interaction between state crises and the organizational strength of the left at the end of the Cold War. This book is essential reading for anyone who seeks to understand the sources of political and ideological polarization, as well as its impact on democratic governance.' Kenneth M. Roberts, Cornell University, New York
'Handlin's use of process tracing is very rigorous ... Handlin's book is an excellent example of how scholars can improve transparency in qualitative methods.' Laura Gamboa, Perspectives on Politics
