Preface xi
About the Authors xiii
1 Introduction 1
Koch's Postulate 2
Terminology 3
Major Categories of Pathogenic Microorganisms 4
Transmission of Infectious Disease (Mode of Dissemination) 5
Universal Precautions 6
2 Host-Microbe Interactions 9
Resident Microbiota 9
Host Defenses 11
3 Antibiotics and Other Chemotherapeutic Agents 17
Classification of Antibiotics 17
Summary of the Mechanisms of Action 24
4 Antiseptics and Disinfectants 25
Physical Control of Microorganisms 25
Chemical Control of Microorganisms 27
5 Gram-Positive Cocci 31
Bacterial Taxonomy (An Overview) 31
Clinically Important Gram-Positive Cocci 32
Gram-Positive Cocci Related to Streptococcus Species 38
6 Gram-Positive Bacilli 41
Clostridium Species 41
Lactobacillus Species 46
Bacillus Species 46
Listeria Species 49
7 Gram-Positive Bacteria with Rudimentary Filaments 53
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 53
Mycobacterium Species 54
8 Gram-Negative Cocci 61
Neisseria Species 61
Moraxella catarrhalis 64
Haemophilus influenzae 65
An Overview of Gram-Negative Bacteria 67
9 Gram-Negative Bacilli 69
Specimen Collection 69
Media and Laboratory Diagnosis 69
Enterobacteriaceae 71
Glucose Nonfermenters 78
Uncommon Nonfermentative Taxa 81
10 Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacteria 83
Brucella melitensis 83
Bordetella pertussis 85
Francisella tularensis 86
Pasteurella Species 87
Vibrio cholerae 88
Aeromonas Species 90
Campylobacter Species 90
Legionella Species 92
Gardnerella vaginalis 93
Chlamydia Species 94
Rickettsia rickettsii 95
Bacteroides Species 96
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis 96
Cardiobacterium hominis 96
Streptobacillus moniliformis 96
Spirillum minus 97
11 Spirochetes and Bacteria without a Cell Wall 99
Spirochetes 99
Bacteria without a Cell Wall 103
12 Actinomycetes 107
Anaerobic Actinomycetes 108
Aerobic Actinomycetes 108
Thermophilic Actinomycetes 112
13 Introduction to Pathogenic Fungi and Superficial Mycoses 113
Yeast-Like Fungi 113
Molds or Filamentous Fungi 114
Dimorphic Fungi 114
Superficial Mycoses 115
Mucocutaneous Mycoses 121
14 Subcutaneous and Systemic Mycoses 125
Subcutaneous Mycoses 125
Systemic Mycoses 127
Diseases Caused by Dimorphic Fungi 127
Diseases Caused by Yeast-Like Fungi 135
Diseases Caused by Filamentous Fungi 138
Diseases Caused by Miscellaneous Filamentous Fungi 143
15 Unicellular Parasites 145
Laboratory Methods in Parasitology 145
Diseases Caused by Lumen-Dwelling Protozoa 146
Blood- and Tissue-Dwelling Protozoa 149
16 Multicellular Parasites 155
Lumen-Dwelling Helminths 155
Blood- and Tissue-Dwelling Helminths 161
17 Viruses and Prions 165
Laboratory Diagnosis 166
Double-Stranded DNA Viruses 166
Single-Stranded DNA Viruses 171
Double-Stranded RNA Viruses 171
Single-Stranded RNA Viruses 171
Prions 179
Bibliography and Suggested Reading 181
Index 185
