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Modernizing VATs in Africa Sijbren Cnossen (Professor of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa, and Academic Partner, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, The Netherlands)

Modernizing VATs in Africa By Sijbren Cnossen (Professor of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa, and Academic Partner, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, The Netherlands)

Summary

This book provides a comprehensive survey and analysis of VATs in Africa. It enables policymakers and students to examine Africa's VAT systems and to ascertain how it can be modernized to finance human and economic development.

Modernizing VATs in Africa Summary

Modernizing VATs in Africa by Sijbren Cnossen (Professor of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa, and Academic Partner, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, The Netherlands)

Most African countries are in dire need of more tax revenue. In 28 out of 45 countries with a value-added tax (VAT), total tax revenue as a percentage of GDP is around 15% or less, falling short of what is necessary to finance basic human and economic development. Far from being revenue-raising instruments, current African VATs are riddled with exemptions, exclusions, and zero rates on domestic goods and services that depress revenue, are highly distortionary, and greatly complicate the administration of VAT. Modernizing VATs in Africa enables policymakers, professionals, and students to analyse African tax systems to ascertain how they can be modernized. It explains the case for VAT base-broadening over rate-increasing, arguing that exemptions and zero rates mainly accrue benefits for higher-income groups. Even more persuasively, it demonstrates that the net result of fiscal systems can be equalizing if the revenue of broad-based VATs is used to finance in-kind transfers, such as healthcare and education. VAT modernization should be used to enable governments to finance development; Modernizing VATs in Africa puts a compelling case forward for how and why this can be achieved.

Modernizing VATs in Africa Reviews

This is a rich and deep book on a messy topic: the state of real VATs in Africa, and what must be done to improve their design, operation, revenue yield and, ultimately, their political acceptance. My discussion of unaddressed question aims to broaden the narrative around VAT reform rather than criticize. Anyone interested in taxation and revenue mobilization in Africa and anywhere in the developing world should read the book. The same goes for anyone involved in attempts to launch a new VAT or improve any existing VAT. * Pierre-Pascal Gendron, Australian Tax Reform *
What is discussed...is discussed very well indeed. Anyone concerned with improving domestic resource mobilization in Africa should read this book... * Richard M. Bord, University of Toronto, The Developing Economies *
In a time of ever more pressing domestic revenue needs in Africa, this rich and accessible book provides an extremely valuable and timely contribution to understanding the key challenges and opportunities of VAT. As one of the world's leading experts, Cnossen convincingly and clearly describes how progress can and should be made, building on sound principles, a wealth of data analytics, and deep knowledge of best VAT practices in Africa. A must-read for everyone involved in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. * Ruud de Mooij, Chief, Tax Policy, Fiscal Affairs Department, International Monetary Fund *
This book is a must-read for everyone interested in tax policy and tax administration. The author has managed to condense his lifelong experience in the area of consumption-based taxes and trade and fiscal policy into a publication that oozes wisdom and valuable advice. Implementing sound tax policy on a consistent basis that straddles different political dispensations (and ideologies) is not an easy task but is vital to ensure inclusive growth and reductions in income and wealth inequalities in both developed and developing countries. This book is a comprehensive discussion of the theory and practices of consumption-based taxation and the trade-offs that might be required. * Cecil H Morden, former Chief Director, Economic Tax Analysis at the National Treasury of South Africa *
The question three decades ago was Africa's capacity to introduce a modern VAT. I learned its lesson the hard way as VAT Program Coordinator in Ghana: we introduced VAT, retreated, and followed with a successful relaunch. As former Finance Minister and consultant, I see many current VAT regime distortions underway. Prof Cnossen, a pioneer among the experts who helped to drive the change, reminds us to consider refining our VAT regimes for the better. * Seth Terkper, former Minister of Finance of Ghana *
Modernizing VATs in Africa is a remarkable treatise on VAT from a revered tax scholar and policy advisor. Although the book focuses on VAT policy and design issues in an African context, the authoritative and accessible manner in which the case for the best-practice VAT is argued - with references to African as well as non-African countries - suggests that it belongs on the shelves of all VAT scholars, policy makers and administrators. * Riel Franzsen, Director, African Tax Institute *

About Sijbren Cnossen (Professor of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa, and Academic Partner, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, The Netherlands)

Sijbren Cnossen is Professor of Economics at the University of Pretoria and Academic Partner of CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. He is Professor Emeritus of Economics of the University of Maastricht and Professor Emeritus of Tax Law of Erasmus University Rotterdam. Prof Cnossen previously occupied the Henry Shattuck Chair at the Law School of Harvard University and the Global Law Chair at the University of New York. He has advised many countries on the design of their tax systems under the auspices of the IMF, the World Bank, USAID, OECD, EU Commission, HIID, and GTZ. He has published numerous books and articles on the effects of taxation and on tax policy, including issues pertaining to tax coordination, income and corporation taxes, value- added tax, and excise duties.

Table of Contents

1: Why VAT? 2: What Is VAT? 3: Other Broad-Based Consumption Taxes 4: Overview of VATs in Africa 5: Countries without VAT 6: Revenue Performance 7: VAT Incidence and Rate Structure 8: Economic Integration and Tax Coordination in Regional Economic Communities 9: Exemptions and Exclusions: the Achilles Heel of VAT 10: Non-Standard Exemptions and Zero Rates 11: Governments and Activities in the Public Interest 12: Immovable Property 13: Financial Services 14: Insurance 15: Lotteries and Gambling 16: Small Businesses and Farmers 17: Basic Administrative Processes 18: Agenda for VAT Modernization Appendices A: Africa: VAT Treatment of Essential Goods and Services, 2018 B: Africa: VAT and Excise Tax Treatment of Selected Goods and Services, 2018 C: Africa: Sales Taxes and Excise Systems in Non-VAT Countries, 2018 D: Africa: Basic Economic and Institutional Indicators in VAT Countries, 2016

Additional information

NPB9780198844075
9780198844075
0198844077
Modernizing VATs in Africa by Sijbren Cnossen (Professor of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa, and Academic Partner, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis, The Netherlands)
New
Hardback
Oxford University Press
2019-07-16
366
N/A
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