Introduction 1
Who Should Read This Book? 2
HTML5 and Related Technologies 2
Software Requirements 3
Code Examples 3
How This Book Is Organized 3
Part I: Background 4
Part II: New HTML Elements 4
Part III: Canvas 4
Part IV: HTML5's JavaScript APIs 4
Links and Real-World Examples 5
Chapter 1: Why HTML5? 7
How Did We End Up Here? 7
The Web Takes Off 9
The Rise of the Browser Plug-In 9
Web 2.0 10
HTML5 11
What Exactly Is HTML5? 11
The Importance of HTML5 12
Are Plug-ins Dead? 14
Summary 14
Chapter 2: Important Concepts for HTML5 15
The Goals of HTML5 15
Improving the Native Web 15
More Done with Less Code 16
The Semantic Web 16
Requisites for HTML5 Development 16
Modern Browser Developer Tools 16
HTML5 Fallbacks: Shims, Shivs, and Polyfills 17
Feature Support and Detection 18
Summary 19
Chapter 3: Getting Started with HTML5: Semantic Tags, Forms, and Drag and Drop 21
Ensuring Backward Compatibility with the New HTML Tags 21
The HTML5 Shim 22
HTML5 Boilerplate 23
Starting from the Top 23
The Doctype 23
Meta Character Encoding 24
HTML5 Syntax and Validation 24
How You Should Write Your HTML 27
Housekeeping 29
HTML5 Semantic Elements and Other Presentational Tags 31
HTML5 Semantic Tags 31
Document Outlines in HTML5 33
Minor Semantic and Presentational HTML5 Tags 35
Visual HTML5 Tags: and
HTML5 Forms 40
Form Input Types 40
New Form Input Attributes and Elements 47
Drag and Drop in HTML5 53
The Basics 53
Drag Data and Effects 55
Drag Events 58
Summary 67
Chapter 4: Rich Media Tags: Video and Audio 69
The Video Element 71
Video Formats and Support 71
Using the Video Element 75
The Audio Element 77
Audio Formats and Support 77
Using the Audio Element 79
Encoding Your Media 80
Conversion Tools 81
Supporting Older Browsers 81
Video and Audio Attributes 82
Video-Only Attributes 82
Attributes Shared Between Audio and Video 85
JavaScript API 90
The readyState and Starting at a Specified Time 92
The playbackRate and Time Control 93
Loading Videos Sequentially 94
Custom Controls 95
Advantages and Disadvantages of the HTML5 Media Tags Versus Flash 95
Ease of Use and Extensibility 95
Platform Support 96
Feature Support 96
Media Protection 97
Future Developments 97
WebRTC 97
WebVTT and the
The Full-Screen API 100
The Web Audio API 100
The Embed Element 101
Summary 101
Chapter 5: 2D Canvas 103
Browser Support 104
Internet Explorer 105
Testing for Support 105
What Canvas Can and Cannot Do 106
A Comparison with SVG 107
Where Canvas Shines 109
When to Not Use Canvas 109
Don't Use Canvas for General UI 111
Getting Started with Canvas 111
An HTML Page with a Canvas 113
Canvas Attributes 115
toDataURL 116
Context Methods and State 117
A Quick Look at the Properties and State Available 117
Understanding Drawing, Starting with Rectangles 118
fillStyle and strokeStyle 119
Paths 120
Understanding the Canvas Coordinate System 122
Line Styles 125
Curves 127
Ellipses 133
isPointInPath 135
Path Filling--The Winding Number Rule 135
Summary of Context State So Far 138
Saving and Restoring 140
Transformation Matrix 141
translate 141
scale 143
Saving and Restoring Affect How Drawing Functions Act on a Transformed Canvas 143
rotate 146
transform and setTransform 150
Keeping Track of Transformations 152
In-Memory Canvases 154
Using Images and Other Canvases 160
Double Buffering 161
Image Data and Pixel Manipulation 162
getImageData 162
createImageData 164
putImageData 164
Image Security on the Canvas 171
CORS 172
But I Want to Test My Image Data Code Locally! 172
Gradients and Patterns 173
Linear Gradients 173
Radial Gradients 175
Gradient Performance and Reuse 177
Patterns 179
Shadows 182
Compositing 184
Compositing Examples 186
Clipping 189
Clearing Nonrectangular Areas 190
Using Text 192
First the Bad Parts 192
Drawing Text 194
Fonts 195
textBaseline 197
textAlign 197
Measuring Text 198
Performance 199
Canvas Context Recap 200
Styling 200
Shadows 200
State 200
Rectangles 200
Paths 201
Image Drawing 202
Transformation 202
Compositing 202
Text 202
Image Data 203
Summary 203
Chapter 6: Making Canvas Interactive and Stateful 205
Canvas Coordinates--Mouse and Touch 205
getBoundingClientRect 206
Computing Element Offset 207
Canvas Animation 210
Letting the Browser Take Control with requestAnimationFrame 210
Animation and Timing 212
Canvas Interactivity Example: Making and Moving Shapes 215
Getting Started 216
The Shapes We Draw 217
Keeping Track of Canvas State. 218
Mouse and Touch Events 219
Getting Input Coordinates 222
Drawing 223
Complete Canvas Interactivity Example 225
Summary 231
Chapter 7: Canvas Performance, Tips, and Peculiarities 233
Canvas Peculiarities and Tips 234
CSS Width and Height 234
Paths or Images Look Blurry 234
The Methods save and restore 236
Clipping Regions Can Only Get Smaller and Cannot Be Reset 237
Security Exceptions, Cross-domain Images, and Image Data 238
Transformations Affect Drawing in Addition to Paths 238
A Performance Primer 239
Tools of the Trade 240
Before We Get to Canvas 245
The DOM and Canvas 248
Caching Context Properties 248
Stop Using save and restore 250
Caching with Images and In-Memory Canvases 251
Images 252
Text 252
Shadows 253
Gradients 254
Paths 255
Multiple Canvases 256
Keeping Track of Objects 257
Hit Testing 257
Size Matters 260
Summary 261
Chapter 8: The Future of Canvas and 3D Canvas 263
The Future of 2D Canvas 263
New in the Specification 264
Hints from the Browsers 270
3D (WebGL) Canvas 271
WebGL Libraries 272
Summary 275
Chapter 9: Geolocation API 277
Understanding Latitude and Longitude 278
Types of Geolocation Data 280
The Old Ways 280
The HTML5 Way--New Methods for Geolocation 281
HTML5 Geolocation API 282
Geolocation Support 283
Using Geolocation 283
The API 283
Geolocation in Action 288
Where Am I? 288
A Trailblazing App 293
Summary 299
Chapter 10: HTML5 Storage Options 301
Older Storage Methods 301
Browser Cookies 301
Flash Cookies 302
userData 302
Along the Way 302
Web Storage--sessionStorage and localStorage 303
sessionStorage 303
localStorage 304
API 304
WebSQL Database 307
IndexedDB 308
Getting Started with IndexedDB 308
Looking Further 322
FileSystem API for Local Read/Write Access 323
FileSystem API Example 324
Offline Pages and the Application Cache 326
Using the Application Cache 327
Important Notes About the Application Cache 330
Summary 331
Chapter 11: Messaging and Web Workers 333
The Web Messaging API and Cross-Document Messaging 333
Sending and Receiving Messages 334
Channel Messaging 336
Security with Web Messages 338
Web Workers 339
Getting Started with Web Workers 340
A Simple Example 342
Shared Web Workers 345
Web Worker Considerations 349
Summary 351
Chapter 12: Network Communication: WebSockets and XMLHttpRequest Level 2 353
Real-Time Communication with WebSockets 354
Before WebSockets 354
Getting Started with WebSockets 355
A Complete WebSockets Example 358
Server-Side WebSockets 359
New AJAX Capabilities with XMLHttpRequest Level 2 359
New Features in XHR2 360
Summary 364
Chapter 13: Microdata, Other Small Things, and Beyond HTML5 365
Microdata 365
Getting Started with Microdata 367
A Microdata Recipe Example 371
New Browser Features Not Covered in This Text 373
Honorable Mention: The File API 373
Other New Browser Features 375
The Future 378
The Future of Web Development 379
Summary 380
Index 381
