Contents Part 1.General Overview 1 Landmarks in the History of Neurosurgery James Tait Goodrich 2 Clinical Evaluation of the Nervous System Gerald A. Grant, Richard G. Ellenbogen 3 Principles of Modern Neuroimaging Kathleen R. Tozer Fink, Michael R. Levitt, James R. Fink 4 Principles of Surgical Positioning Genevieve Lapointe, Joanna Kemp, Govind Rajan, Grace Elisabeth Walter, Saleem I. Abdulrauf Part 2.Pediatric Neurosurgery 5 Spinal Dysraphism and Tethered Spinal Cord Leslie N. Sutton, Joel A. Bauman, Luke J. Macyszyn 6 Hydrocephalus in Children and Adults Alia Hdeib, Alan R. Cohen 7 Developmental Anomalies: Arachnoid Cysts, Dermoids, and Epidermoids David F. Jimenez, Jennifer Gentry Savage, Mical Samuelson 8 Diagnosis and Surgical Options for Craniosynostosis Mitchel Seruya, Suresh N. Magge, Robert F. Keating 9 The Chiari Malformations and Syringohydromyelia R. Shane Tubbs, Todd C. Hankinson, John C. Wellons, III 10 Posterior Fossa and Brainstem Tumors in Children Adrienne Weeks, Aria Fallah, James T. Rutka 11 Causes of Nontraumatic Hemorrhagic Stroke in Children: Pediatric Moyamoya Syndrome Edward R. Smith, R. Michael Scott Part 3.Vascular Neurosurgery 12 Cerebrovascular Occlusive Disease and Carotid Surgery Geoffrey Appelboom, Matthew Piazza, E. Sander Connolly, Jr. 13 Intracranial Aneurysms Christopher S. Eddleman, Christopher C. Getch, Bernard R. Bendok, H. Hunt Batjer 14 Vascular Malformations (Arteriovenous Malformations and Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas) Ghaus M. Malik, Sandeep S. Bhangoo 15 Cavernous Malformations Management Strategies Aimee Two, Ali K. Ozturk, Murat Gunel 16 Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Alan Hoffer, Justin Singer, Nicholas C. Bambakidis, Warren Selman 17 Endovascular Neurosurgery Sabareesh K. Natarajan, Adnan H. Siddiqui, L. Nelson Hopkins, Elad I. Levy 18 Cerebral Revascularization for Giant Aneurysms of the Transitional Segment of the Internal Carotid Artery Jonathon J. Lebovitz, Jorge L. Eller, Justin M. Sweeney, Deanna Sasaki-Adams, Aneela Darbar, Sheri K. Palejwala, Anja-Maria Radon, Saleem I. Abdulrauf Part 4.Trauma 19 Intracranial Hypertension Ryan Morton, Richard G. Ellenbogen 20 Closed Head Injury Clifford M. Houseman, Shawn A. Belverud, Raj K. Narayan 21 Penetrating Brain Injury Michael Cirivello, Randy S. Bell, Rocco A. Armonda 22 Traumatic Skull and Facial Fractures Fred H. Geisler, Eduardo Rodriguez, Paul N. Manson Part 5.Spine 23 Injuries to the Cervical Spine M. Yashar S. Kalani, Aristotelis S. Filippidis, Nicholas Theodore 24 Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures Edward M. Marchan, George M. Ghobrial, James S. Harrop 25 Intradural Extramedullary and Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors. Michael Bruneau, Florence Lefranc, Danielle Baleriaux, Jacques Brotchi 26 Treatment of Spinal Metastatic Tumors Ilya Laufer, Marcella A. Madera, Daniel Sciubba, Ziya L. Gokaslan 27 Spinal Cord Injury David W. Cadotte, Michael G. Fehlings 28 Syringomyelia Spyros Sgouros 29 Craniovertebral Junction: A Reappraisal Atul Goel 30 Degenerative Spine Disease James K.C. Liu, Edward C. Benzel 31 Pediatric and Adult Scoliosis David W. Polly, Jr., A. Noelle Larson (Part I) Frank Schwab, Benjamin Blondel, Virginie Lafage (Part II) 32 Acute Nerve Injuries Lynda J-S Yang 33 Entrapment Neuropathies Mikhail Gelfenbeyn, Henry Marsh Part 6.Tumors 34 Low-Grade and High-Grade Gliomas Nader Sanai, Mitchel S. Berger 35 Metastatic Brain Tumors Juanita M. Celix, Daniel L. Silbergeld 36 Meningiomas Federico Landriel, Peter Black 37 Tumors of the Pineal Region Christian Matula 38 Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors Madjid Samii, Venelin M. Gerganov 39 Craniopharyngiomas and Suprasellar Tumors Juraj Sten?o 40 Pituitary Tumors: Diagnosis and Management Carrie R. Muh, Nelson M. Oyesiku 41 Endoscopic Approaches to Ventricular Tumors and Colloid Cysts Scott D. Wait, Charles Teo 42 Microsurgical Approaches to the Ventricular System Timothy H. Lucas, II, Richard G. Ellenbogen 43 Skull Base Approaches Salvatore Di Maio, Laligam N. Sekhar 44 Endoscopic Approaches to Skull Base Lesions, Ventricular Tumors, and Cysts Nancy McLaughlin, Daniel M. Prevedello, Daniel Kelly, Ricardo L. Carrau, Amin B Kassam, Scott D. Wait, Charles Teo, Aneela Darbar, Sheri K. Palejwala Part 7.Radiosurgery 45 Application of Current Radiation Delivery Systems and Radiobiology Jay Loeffler, Helen Shih, Melin Khandekar 46 Radiosurgery of Central Nervous System Tumors Douglas Kondziolka, Ajay Niranjan, L. Dade Lunsford, John C. Flickinger 47 Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Vascular Malformation Chun Po Yen, Chris Cifarelli, David Schlesinger, Jason P. Sheehan Part 8.Functional/Pain 48 Trigeminal Neuralgia Gerald A. Grant, John D. Loeser 49 Surgical Therapy for Pain Giovanni Broggi, Francesco Acerbi, Morgan Broggi, Giuseppe Messina 50 Spasticity: Classification, Diagnosis, and Management Michael R. Levitt, Samuel R. Browd 51 Surgery for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Jeffrey G. Ojemann, Carlo Giussani, Carlo Marras 52 Extratemporal Procedures and Hemispherectomy for Epilepsy Gwyneth Hughes, William Bingaman 53 Basic Principles of Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and New Frontiers Alexander S. Taghva, Chima O. Oluigbo, Ali R. Rezai ONLINE ONLY E44 Minimal Access Skull Base Approaches Paolo Cappabianca, Isabella Esposito, Luigi Maria Cavallo, Felice Esposito, Vita Stagno