This is the second edition of Peru's Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest, a written history of the Indians of the Ayachucho region during the century that followed the Spanish Conquest. It includes reflections on the ten years of historical interpretation that have passed since the book's original publication, thus enabling the author to set his analysis of Huamanga in a larger perspective. This combination of anthropological research and history is aimed at ethnohistorians, particularly Andeanists.