Seledtions found in MyLiteratureLab are indicated with MLL
Contents by Genre xxii
List of Illustrations xxix
Preface to Instructors xxxi
Letter to Students xxxii
P A R T I
Getting Started: From Response to Argument 1
C H A P T E R 1
How to Write an Effective Essay:
A Crash Course 3
The Basic Strategy 3
Looking Closely: Approaching a First Draft 4
Revising: Achieving a Readable Draft 6
_ Checklist for Revising a Draft 9
Peer Review 9
Preparing the Final Version 9
C H A P T E R 2
The Writer as Reader 11
Reading and Responding 11
KATE CHOPIN * Ripe Figs 11
Reading as Re-creation 12
Collecting Evidence, Making Reasonable Inferences 13
Reading with Pen in Hand 14
Recording Your First Responses 14
Identifying Your Audience and Purpose 16
Your Turn: Arguing a Thesis in an Essay 16
A Sample Essay by a Student: "Images of Ripening in
Kate Chopin's `Ripe Figs'" 17 MLL
The Argument Analyzed 19
Behind the Scenes: Tenori's Essay, from Early Responses to
Final Version 20
Other Possibilities for Writing 22
Looking Closely at Two Contemporary Mini-Stories: Lydia Davis's
"Childcare" and "City People" 22
LYDIA DAVIS * Childcare 22
LYDIA DAVIS * City People 24
A Story, with a Student's Notes and Final Essay 24
RAY BRADBURY * August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains 24
Student Essay with Preliminary Notes: Esther Daniels,
The Lesson of August 2026 29
Stories for Analysis 33
MICHELE SERROS * Senior Picture Day 33
GUY DE MAUPASSANT * The Necklace 38
C H A P T E R 3
The Reader as Writer 45
Developing a Thesis, Drafting, and Writing an Argument 45
Prewriting: Getting Ideas 45
Annotating a Text 45
More about Getting Ideas: A Second Story by Kate Chopin 45
KATE CHOPIN * The Story of an Hour 45 MLL
Brainstorming for Ideas for Writing 47
Focused Free Writing 48
Listing 48
Asking Questions 49
Keeping a Journal 50
Arguing with Yourself: Critical Thinking 51
Arguing a Thesis 52
_ Checklist: Thesis Sentence 53
Drafting Your Argument 53
A Sample Draft: "Ironies in an Hour" 54
Revising an Argument 56
Outlining an Argument 57
Soliciting Peer Review, Thinking about Counterarguments 58
Final Version of the Sample Essay: "Ironies of Life in Kate
Chopin's `The Story of an Hour'" 59
A Brief Overview of the Final Version 61
Writing on Your Computer 62
_ Checklist: Writing with a Computer 62
Your Turn: Additional Stories for Analysis 63
KATE CHOPIN * Desiree's Baby 63
A Student's Analysis: Gus Hodges, "Race and Identity in
`Desiree's Baby'" 67
KATE CHOPIN * The Storm 71 MLL
JOHN STEINBECK * The Chrysanthemums 76
ANTON CHEKHOV * Misery 83 MLL
C H A P T E R 4
Reading Literature Closely: Argument 88
Beginning with Proverbs 88
Proverbs as Literature 88
Proverbs as Arguments 89
Are Proverbs True? Is Literature True? 90
Arguments in Lyric Poems 91
A. E. HOUSMAN * Loveliest of trees, the cherry now 92
JOHN DONNE * The Flea 93
Fables and Arguments 94
AESOP * The City Mouse and the Country Mouse 94
Thinking Further about "Messages" in Literature: Two Mini-Stories
and Two Poems 95
EMILY WU * The Lesson of the Master 96
JESSE LEE KERCHEVAL * Carpathia 98
ROBERT FROST * Design 99
LINDA PASTAN * Ethics 99
C H A P T E R 5
Reading Literature Closely: Explication 101
What Is Literature? 101
Literature and Form 101
Form and Meaning 102
ROBERT FROST * The Span of Life 103
Reading in Slow Motion 104
Explication 105
A Sample Explication 106
LANGSTON HUGHES * Harlem 106 MLL
Working Toward an Explication 107
Some Journal Entries 108
A Sample Essay by a Student (Final Version): "Langston Hughes's `Harlem'"
109
Explication as Argument 112
_ Checklist: Drafting an Explication 113
Why Write? Purpose and Audience 114
Your Turn: Poems for Explication 115
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE * Sonnet 73 (That time of year thou mayst
in me behold) 115 MLL
JOHN DONNE * Holy Sonnet XIV (Batter my heart, three-personed God) 116 MLL
EMILY BRONTE * Spellbound 117
LI-YOUNG LEE * I Ask My Mother to Sing 118
RANDALL JARRELL * The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner 118
C H A P T E R 6
Reading Literature Closely: Analysis 120
Analysis 120
Analyzing a Story from the Hebrew Bible: The Judgment of Solomon 121
The Judgment of Solomon 121
Analyzing the Story 122
Other Possible Topics for Analysis 123
Analyzing a Story from the New Testament: The Parable of the Prodigal Son 124
The Parable of the Prodigal Son 125
Summary 126
Paraphrase 127
Comparison: An Analytic Tool 129
A Sample Essay by a Student: "Two New Women" 131
Looking at the Essay 135
_ Checklist: Revising a Comparison 135
Evaluation in Explication and Analysis 136
Choosing a Topic and Developing a Thesis in an Analytic Paper 137
Analyzing a Story 139
JAMES THURBER * The Secret Life of Walter Mitty 139
Working Toward a Thesis: Journal Entries 142
Developing the Thesis: Making Lists 143
Sample Draft by a Student: "Walter Mitty Is No Joke" 144
Developing an Argument 146
Introductory Paragraphs 146
Middle Paragraphs 148
Concluding Paragraphs 148
Coherence in Paragraphs: Using Transitions 150
_ Checklist: Revising Paragraphs 150
Review: Writing an Analysis 151
A Note on Technical Terminology 151
A Lyric Poem and a Student's Argument 152
APHRA BEHN * Song: Love Armed 152
Journal Entries 152
A Sample Essay by a Student: "The Double Nature of Love" 153
_ Checklist: Editing a Draft 156
Your Turn: Short Stories and Poems for Analysis 157
EDGAR ALLAN POE * The Cask of Amontillado 157
KATHERINE ANNE PORTER * The Jilting of Granny
Weatherall 163
JOSE ARMAS * El Tonto del Barrio 169
LESLIE MARMON SILKO * The Man to Send Rain Clouds 174
BILLY COLLINS * Introduction to Poetry 178
ROBERT FROST * The Road Not Taken 179 MLL
ROBERT HERRICK * To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time 180
MARTIN ESPADA * Bully 181
C H A P T E R 7
Arguing an Interpretation 183
Interpretation and Meaning 183
Is the Author's Intention a Guide to Meaning? 183
What Characterizes a Sound Interpretation? 184
An Example: Interpreting Pat Mora's "Immigrants" 185
PAT MORA * Immigrants 185
Thinking Critically about Responses to Literature 186
Two Interpretations by Students 187
ROBERT FROST * Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 188 MLL
Sample Essay by a Student: "Stopping by Woods-and
Going On" 189
Sample Essay by a Student: "`Stopping by Woods on a Snowy
Evening' as a Short Story" 193
Your Turn: Poems for Interpretation 197
ROBERT FROST * Mending Wall 197
T. S. ELIOT * The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 199 MLL
JOHN KEATS * Ode on a Grecian Urn 203 MLL
THOMAS HARDY * The Man He Killed 205
GWENDOLYN BROOKS * The Mother 206 MLL
Stories for Interpretation 207
EDGAR ALLAN POE * The Masque of the Red Death 207
WILLA CATHER * Paul's Case 212
JOYCE CAROL OATES * Where Are You Going, Where Have
You Been? 225 MLL
Thinking Critically: Case Study on William Faulkner's
"A Rose for Emily" 236
Overview of the Case Study 236
WILLIAM FAULKNER * A Rose for Emily 237 MLL
Typescript Showing Material Deleted from the Published Version 245
WILLIAM FAULKNER * Comments on the Story 250
Two Interpretations by Students, with Notes/Outlines 252
SALLY FREER * Why Miss Emily Grierson Killed
Homer Barron 252
JOHN DAREMO * Insight into Horror: The Role of the Narrator
in "A Rose for Emily" 258
C H A P T E R 8
Arguing an Evaluation 267
Criticism and Evaluation 267
Are There Critical Standards? 267
Morality and Truth as Standards 268
Other Ways of Thinking about Truth and Realism 269
Your Turn: Poems and Stories for Evaluation 271
SARAH N. CLEGHORN * The Golf Links 272
WILFRED OWEN * Dulce et Decorum Est 272
WILFRED OWEN * Anthem for Doomed Youth 273
HENRY REED * Naming of Parts 274
KATHERINE MANSFIELD * Miss Brill 275
W. SOMERSET MAUGHAM * The Appointment in Samarra 278
O. HENRY * The Ransom of Red Chief 279
AMBROSE BIERCE * An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge 287
ISABEL ALLENDE * If You Touched My Heart 293
HELENA MARIA VIRAMONTES * The Moths 299
ARTHUR C. CLARKE * The Nine Billion Names of God 303
C H A P T E R 9
Research Writing with Sources 309
What Research Is, and What Research Is Not 309
Primary and Secondary Materials 310
Locating Materials: First Steps 310
Other Bibliographic Aids 312
Electronic Sources 312
Encyclopedias: Print and Electronic Versions 312
The Internet/World Wide Web 313
Evaluating Sources on the World Wide Web 313
What Does Your Own Institution Offer? 313
_ Checklist: Using the World Wide Web 314
Taking Notes 315
Two Mechanical Aids: The Photocopier and the Computer 315
A Guide to Note-Taking 315
Drafting the Paper 317
Focus on Primary Sources 318
Avoiding Plagiarism 318
P A R T I I
Up Close: Thinking Critically about Literary
Works and Literary Forms 321
C H A P T E R 10
Critical Thinking: Arguing with Oneself, Asking
Questions, and Making Comparisons 323
What Is Critical Thinking? 323
Asking and Answering Questions 323
Comparing and Contrasting 324
Analyzing and Evaluating Evidence 326
Thinking Critically: Arguing with Oneself, Asking Questions
and Comparing-E. E. Cummings's "Buffalo Bill 's" 327
E. E. CUMMINGS * Buffalo Bill 's 327
A Short-Short Story, and Its Revised Version 330
RAYMOND CARVER * Mine 331
RAYMOND CARVER * Little Things 331
Your Turn: Writing an Argument about Carver's Two Stories 333
C H A P T E R 11
A Brief Guide: Writing about Literature 334
Standing Back: Kinds of Writing 334
Getting Close: Drafting the Essay 335
Generating Ideas 335
Revising a Draft 337
_ Checklist: Reviewing the Basics 338
Contents xi
C H A P T E R 12
Reading and Writing about Essays 339
Types of Essays 339
The Essayist's Persona 340
Voice 340
Tone 341
Prewriting: Identifying the Topic and Thesis 342
BRENT STAPLES * Black Men and Public Space 342
Summary and Analysis 344
Preparing a Summary 345
Stating the Thesis of an Essay 346
Drafting a Summary 347
_ Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Essays 349
Your Turn: Essays for Analysis 351
LANGSTON HUGHES * Salvation 351
LAURA VANDERKAM * Hookups Starve the Soul 353
C H A P T E R 13
Reading and Writing about Stories 355
Stories True and False 355
GRACE PALEY * Samuel 355
Elements of Fiction 358
Plot and Character 358
Foreshadowing 359
Setting and Atmosphere 360
Symbolism 360
Narrative Point of View 362
Style and Point of View 364
Theme 364
Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing about Stories 365
Your Turn: Stories for Analysis 368
LOUISE ERDRICH * The Red Convertible 368
OSCAR CASARES * Yolanda 374
GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ * A Very Old Man with Enormous
Wings: A Tale for Children 380
JOHN UPDIKE * A & P 385
DIANA CHANG * The Oriental Contingent 389
GISH JEN * Who's Irish? 394
C H A P T E R 14
Thinking Critically: A Case Study
about Flannery O'Connor 403
FLANNERY O'CONNOR * A Good Man Is Hard to Find 404
FLANNERY O'CONNOR * Revelation 414
Remarks from Essays and Letters 428
From "The Fiction Writer and His Country" 428
From "Some Aspects of the Grotesque in Southern Fiction" 428
From "The Nature and Aim of Fiction" 428
From "Writing Short Stories" 429
On Interpreting "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" 429 MLL
"A Reasonable Use of the Unreasonable" 430
C H A P T E R 15
Reading and Writing about Plays 434
Types of Plays 434
Tragedy 434
Comedy 435
Elements of Drama 436
Theme 436
Plot 437
Gestures 438
Setting 439
Characterization and Motivation 439
Organizing an Analysis of a Character 440
First Draft 440
Revised Draft 441
_ Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments about Plays 443
Reviewing a Dramatic Production 444
A Sample Review by a Student: "An Effective Macbeth" 445
The Review Reviewed 447
Thinking about a Filmed Version of a Play 448
Getting Ready to Write 448
_ Checklist: Writing about a Filmed Play 449
Your Turn: Plays for Analysis 450
DAVID IVES * Sure Thing 450
A Note on Greek Tragedy 458
SOPHOCLES * Antigone 460 MLL
C H A P T E R 16
Reading and Writing about Poems 488
Elements of Poetry 488
The Speaker and the Poet 488
EMILY DICKINSON * I'm Nobody! Who are you? 488
EMILY DICKINSON * Wild Nights-Wild Nights 489 MLL
The Language of Poetry: Diction and Tone 490
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE * Sonnet 146 (Poor soul, the
center of my sinful earth) 491
Writing about the Speaker 492
ROBERT FROST * The Telephone 492
Journal Entries 493
Figurative Language 495
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE * Sonnet 130 (My mistress'
eyes are nothing like the sun) 497
DANA GIOIA * Money 498
ROBERT FROST * The Hardship of Accounting 499
ANONYMOUS * Thirty Days Hath September 499
Imagery and Symbolism 499
EDMUND WALLER * Song (Go, lovely rose) 500
WILLIAM BLAKE * The Sick Rose 501
LINDA PASTAN * Jump Cabling 501
Verbal Irony and Paradox 502
Structure 502
ROBERT HERRICK * Upon Julia's Clothes 503
A Sample Essay by a Student: "Herrick's Julia, Julia's Herrick" 503
The Argument Analyzed 506
CHRISTINA ROSSETTI * In an Artist's Studio 506
Explication 507
An Example 508
WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS * The Balloon of the Mind 508
Annotations and Journal Entries 508
A Sample Essay by a Student: "Explication of W. B. Yeats's
`The Balloon of the Mind'" 509
_ Checklist: Explication 511
Rhythm and Versification: A Glossary for Reference 512
Meter 513
Patterns of Sound 515
Stanzaic Patterns 516
BILLY COLLINS * Sonnet 518
Blank Verse and Free Verse 519
_ Checklist: Getting Ideas for Writing Arguments about Poems 519
Your Turn: Poems about People 521
ROBERT BROWNING * My Last Duchess 521 MLL
E. E. CUMMINGS * anyone lived in a pretty how town 523 MLL
SYLVIA PLATH * Daddy 524
GWENDOLYN BROOKS * We Real Cool 527 MLL
ETHERIDGE KNIGHT * For Malcolm, a Year After 528
ANNE SEXTON * Her Kind 529
JAMES WRIGHT * Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy's Farm
in Pine Island, Minnesota 530
C H A P T E R 17
Thinking Critically about Poems:
Two Case Studies 532
A Case Study about Emily Dickinson 532
EMILY DICKINSON * I heard a Fly buzz-when I died- 534 MLL
EMILY DICKINSON * The Soul selects her own Society 534
EMILY DICKINSON * These are the days when Birds come back 535
EMILY DICKINSON * Papa above! 535
EMILY DICKINSON * There's a certain Slant of light 535 MLL
EMILY DICKINSON * This World is not Conclusion 536 MLL
EMILY DICKINSON * I got so I could hear his name- 536
EMILY DICKINSON * Those-dying, then 537
EMILY DICKINSON * Apparently with no surprise 537
EMILY DICKINSON * Tell all the Truth but tell it slant 538
A Sample Argument by a Student: "Religion and Religious
Imagery in Emily Dickinson" 538
Word and Image 543
JANE FLANDERS * Van Gogh's Bed 544
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS * The Great Figure 547
ADRIENNE RICH * Mourning Picture 548
CATHY SONG * Beauty and Sadness 551
MARY JO SALTER * The Rebirth of Venus 552
ANNE SEXTON * The Starry Night 555
W. H. AUDEN * Musee des Beaux Arts 557
X. J. KENNEDY * Nude Descending a Staircase 559
GREG PAPE * American Flamingo 560
CARL PHILLIPS * Luncheon on the Grass 562
JOHN UPDIKE * Before the Mirror 564
WISLAWA SZYMBORSKA * Brueghel's Two Monkeys 566
A Case Study on Comparing Poems and Pictures 567
A Sample Argument by a Student: "Two Ways of Looking
at a Starry Night" 567
P A R T I I I
Standing Back: A Thematic Anthology 571
C H A P T E R 18
The World Around Us 573
Short Views 573
Essays 575
HENRY DAVID THOREAU * The Battle of the Ants 575
BILL MCKIBBEN * Now or Never 577
Stories 582
AESOP * The Ant and the Grasshopper 582
AESOP * The North Wind and the Sun 583
JACK LONDON * To Build a Fire 583
SARAH ORNE JEWETT * A White Heron 594
Poems 600
MATTHEW ARNOLD * In Harmony with Nature 600
THOMAS HARDY * Transformations 602
Contents xv
JOHN KEATS * To Autumn 603
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS * God's Grandeur 604
WALT WHITMAN * A Noiseless Patient Spider 605
EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY * Mindful of you the sodden
earth in spring 606
EMILY DICKINSON * "Nature" is what we see 607
EMILY DICKINSON * A narrow Fellow in the Grass 608
Thinking Critically: Case Study about Robert Frost 609
ROBERT FROST * The Pasture 609 MLL
ROBERT FROST * Mowing 610
ROBERT FROST * The Wood-Pile 611
ROBERT FROST * The Oven Bird 612
ROBERT FROST * The Need of Being Versed in Country Things 612
ROBERT FROST * The Most of It 613
ROBERT FROST * The Figure a Poem Makes 614
Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000
C H A P T E R 19
Journeys 617
Short Views 617
Essays 619
JOAN DIDION * On Going Home 619
MONTESQUIEU * Persian Letters 622
Stories 623
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE * Young Goodman Brown 624 MLL
EUDORA WELTY * A Worn Path 632
TONI CADE BAMBARA * The Lesson 638
AMY HEMPEL * Today Will Be a Quiet Day 644
BOBBIE ANN MASON * Shiloh 648
JAMES JOYCE * Eveline 659
Poems 662
JOHN KEATS * On First Looking into Chapman's Homer 662
PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY * Ozymandias 663
ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON * Ulysses 664
COUNTEE CULLEN * Incident 666
WILLIAM STAFFORD * Traveling Through the Dark 667
ADRIENNE RICH * Diving into the Wreck 667
DEREK WALCOTT * A Far Cry from Africa 670
SHERMAN ALEXIE * On the Amtrak from Boston to
New York City 671
WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS * Sailing to Byzantium 673
CHRISTINA ROSSETTI * Uphill 675
EMILY DICKINSON * Because I could not stop for Death 676 MLL
Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000
xvi Contents
C H A P T E R 20
Love and Hate 678
Short Views 678
Essay 680
JUDITH ORTIZ COFER * I Fell in Love, or My Hormones Awakened 680
Stories 684
ERNEST HEMINGWAY * Cat in the Rain 684
A Student's Notes and Journal Entries on "Cat in the Rain" 686
Asking Questions about a Story 687
A Sample Essay by a Student: "Hemingway's American Wife" 689
A Second Example: An Essay Drawing on Related Material in the Chapter 693
A Sample Essay by a Student: "Hemingway's Unhappy Lovers" 694
ZORA NEALE HURSTON * Sweat 698 MLL
BEL KAUFMAN * Sunday in the Park 706
RAYMOND CARVER * Cathedral 709 MLL
Poems 719
ANONYMOUS * Western Wind 719
CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE * The Passionate Shepherd to His Love 719
SIR WALTER RALEIGH * The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd 720
JOHN DONNE * The Bait 721
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE * Sonnet 29 (When, in
disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes) 723
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE * Sonnet 116 (Let me not
to the marriage of true minds) 724 MLL
JOHN DONNE * A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 725
ANDREW MARVELL * To His Coy Mistress 726
WILLIAM BLAKE * The Garden of Love 728
WILLIAM BLAKE * A Poison Tree 728
EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY * Love Is Not All: It Is Not Meat nor Drink 730
ROBERT FROST * The Silken Tent 731
ADRIENNE RICH * Novella 732
ADRIENNE RICH * XI (from Twenty-One Love Poems) 732
ROBERT PACK * The Frog Prince 733
JOSEPH BRODSKY * Love Song 734
NIKKI GIOVANNI * Love in Place 735
Play 736
TERRENCE MCNALLY * Andre's Mother 736
Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000
C H A P T E R 21
Making Men and Women 740
Short Views 740
Essays 741
STEVEN DOLOFF * The Opposite Sex 741
GRETEL EHRLICH * About Men 743
Stories 745
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN * The Yellow Wallpaper 746 MLL
RICHARD WRIGHT * The Man Who Was Almost a Man 757
GLORIA NAYLOR * The Two 766
ALICE MUNRO * Boys and Girls 772
Poems 781
ANONYMOUS * What Are Little Boys Made Of 781
ANONYMOUS * Higamus, Hogamus 782
DOROTHY PARKER * General Review of the Sex Situation 783
LOUISE BOGAN * Women 783
RITA DOVE * Daystar 784
ROBERT HAYDEN * Those Winter Sundays 785
THEODORE ROETHKE * My Papa's Waltz 786
SHARON OLDS * Rites of Passage 787
FRANK O'HARA * Homosexuality 788
JULIA ALVAREZ * Woman's Work 790
MARGE PIERCY * Barbie Doll 791
Play 792
HENRIK IBSEN * A Dollhouse 792
Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000
C H A P T E R 22
Innocence and Experience 843
Short Views 843
Essay 844
GEORGE ORWELL * Shooting an Elephant 844
Stories 849
HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN * The Emperor's
New Clothes 849
JAMAICA KINCAID * Girl 853
DANIEL OROZCO * Orientation 854
JAMES BALDWIN * Sonny's Blues 858
JAMES JOYCE * Araby 879 MLL
ISAAC BASHEVIS SINGER * The Son from America 883
Poems 888
WILLIAM BLAKE * Infant Joy 889
WILLIAM BLAKE * Infant Sorrow 890
WILLIAM BLAKE * The Echoing Green 890
WILLIAM BLAKE * The Lamb 891
WILLIAM BLAKE * The Tyger 892
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS * Spring and Fall 893
E. E. CUMMINGS * in Just- 894
LOUISE GLUECK * The School Children 895
LOUISE GLUECK * Gretel in Darkness 896
Play 897
Thinking Critically: A Case Study about Shakespeare's Hamlet 897
A Note on the Elizabethan Theater 897
A Note on Hamlet on the Stage 898
A Note on the Text of Hamlet 902
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE * The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark 908
ERNEST JONES * Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex 1013
ANNE BARTON * The Promulgation of Confusion 1015
STANLEY WELLS * On the First Soliloquy 1018
ELAINE SHOWALTER * Representing Ophelia 1020
CLAIRE BLOOM * Playing Gertrude on Television 1021
BERNICE W. KLIMAN * The BBC Hamlet: A Television Production 1022
WILL SARETTA * Branagh's Film of Hamlet 1024
Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000
C H A P T E R 23
The Sporting Life 1027
Short Views 1027
Essay 1028
JAMES MICHENER * Sports in America 1028
Stories 1035
SHERWOOD ANDERSON * I Want to Know Why 1035
RALPH ELLISON * Battle Royal 1041
MARY ROBISON * Coach 1052
TOBIAS WOLFF * Powder 1062
Poems 1065
LINDA PASTAN * Baseball 1065
LILLIAN MORRISON * The Sidewalker Racer, or On the Skateboard 1066
DIANE ACKERMAN * Pumping Iron 1067
A. E. HOUSMAN * To an Athlete Dying Young 1067
Play 1069
JANE MARTIN * Rodeo 1069
Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000
C H A P T E R 24
Identity in America 1073
Short Views 1073
Essays 1074
ANNA LISA RAYA * It's Hard Enough Being Me 1075
ANDREW LAM * Who Will Light Incense When Mother's Gone? 1077
Stories 1079
AMY TAN * Two Kinds 1079
ALICE WALKER * Everyday Use 1087 MLL
xviii Contents
Contents xix
KATHERINE MIN * Courting a Monk 1093
Poems 1103
EMMA LAZARUS * The New Colossus 1104
THOMAS BAILEY ALDRICH * The Unguarded Gates 1105
JOSEPH BRUCHAC III * Ellis Island 1106
AURORA LEVINS MORALES * Child of the Americas 1107
GLORIA ANZALDUA * To Live in the Borderlands Means You 1109
JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA * So Mexicans Are Taking Jobs
from Americans 1110
LANGSTON HUGHES * Theme for English B 1112
PAT PARKER * For the White Person Who Wants to
Know How to be my friend 1113
MITSUYE YAMADA * To the Lady 1115
NILA NORTHSUN * Moving Camp Too Far 1116
Play 1117
LUIS VALDEZ * Los Vendidos 1118
Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000
C H A P T E R 25
American Dreams and Nightmares 1184
Short Views 1184
Essays 1186
CHIEF SEATTLE * My People 1187
ELIZABETH CADY STANTON * Declaration of Sentiments
and Resolutions 1190
MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. * I Have a Dream 1193
STUDS TERKEL * Arnold Schwarzenegger's Dream 1197
Stories 1199
KURT VONNEGUT JR. * Harrison Bergeron 1199
LANGSTON HUGHES * One Friday Morning 1204
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS * The Use of Force 1210
SHIRLEY JACKSON * The Lottery 1214
GRACE PALEY * A Man Told Me the Story of His Life 1220
TIM O'BRIEN * The Things They Carried 1221
Poems 1232
ANONYMOUS * Didn't My Lord Deliver Daniel 1233
ROBERT HAYDEN * Frederick Douglass 1234
LORNA DEE CERVANTES * Refugee Ship 1235
EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON * Richard Cory 1236
W. H. AUDEN * The Unknown Citizen 1237
ALLEN GINSBERG * A Supermarket in California 1238
MARGE PIERCY * To be of use 1240
MARGE PIERCY * What's That Smell in the Kitchen? 1240
YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA * Facing It 1241
BILLY COLLINS * The Names 1243 MLL
GWENDOLYN BROOKS * The Bean Eaters 1245
DOROTHY PARKER * Resume 1246
Play 1246
LORRAINE HANSBERRY * A Raisin in the Sun 1247 MLL
Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 000
C H A P T E R 26
Law and Disorder 1292
Short Views 1292
Essays 1293
ZORA NEALE HURSTON * A Conflict of Interest 1293
MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. * Letter from Birmingham Jail 1296
Stories 1309
ELIZABETH BISHOP * The Hanging of the Mouse 1309
URSULA K. LE GUIN * The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas 1311
WILLIAM FAULKNER * Barn Burning 1315
Poems 1327
ANONYMOUS * Birmingham Jail 1328
A. E. HOUSMAN * The Carpenter's Son 1330
A. E. HOUSMAN * Oh who is that young sinner 1331
CLAUDE MCKAY * If We Must Die 1332
JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA * Cloudy Day 1333
CAROLYN FORCHE * The Colonel 1335
Play 1336
SUSAN GLASPELL * Trifles 1336
Overviews: Looking Backward/Looking Forward 1346
A P P E N D I X A
Writing about Literature:
An Overview of Critical Strategies 1347
The Nature of Critical Writing 1347
Criticism as Argument: Assumptions and Evidence 1348
Some Critical Strategies 1349
Formalist Criticism (New Criticism) 1349
Deconstruction 1351
Reader-Response Criticism 1351
Archetypal Criticism (Myth Criticism) 1352
Historical Criticism 1353
Biographical Criticism 1354
Marxist Criticism 1354
New Historical Criticism 1355
Psychological or Psychoanalytic Criticism 1355
Gender Criticism (Feminist, and Lesbian and Gay Criticism 1356
Your Turn: Putting Critical Strategies to Work 1360
A P P E N D I X B
Remarks about Manuscript Form 1362
Basic Manuscript Form 1362
Quotations and Quotation Marks 1363
Quotation Marks or Italics? 1365
A Note on the Possessive 1365
Documentation: Footnotes, Internal Parenthetical Citations, and a List of Works
Cited (MLA Format)1366
Internal Parenthetical Citations 1366
Parenthetical Citations and List of Works Cited 1367
Forms of Citation in Works Cited 1369
Citing Sources on the World Wide Web 1375
Checklist: Citing Sources on the Web 1376
A P P E N D I X C
How Much Do You Know about Citing
Sources? A Quiz with Answers 1379
Literary Credits 1386
Photo Credits 1394
Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poems 1397
Index of Terms 1410
