Get this product faster from our US warehouse
One of the high-quality, low-priced entries in Longman's Penguin Academics Series, A Short Guide to College Writing is a clear and authoritative brief rhetoric that emphasizes analysis, argument, and research in academic writing.
Sylvan Barnet was born in Brooklyn, New York, and educated at Erasmus Hall High School, New York University (BA), and Harvard University(MA, PhD). For a while he was a
semiprofessional magician, but whenhe found that he could fool all of the people all of the time the work became boring, and so he became a college professor. He taught composition and
English literature at Tufts University for thirty years, published scholarly articles on Shakespeare, and is the author and coauthor of several books about the art of writing.
Pat Bellanca was born in East Hanover, New Jersey; she holds degrees in English from Wellesley College (BA) and Rutgers University (MA, PhD). She teaches in the Harvard College Writing
Program and is Director of Writing Programs at the Harvard Extension School, the university's open-enrollment evening division. Her research interests include composition studies and Gothic fiction,
fields that are not unrelated.
Marcia Stubbs was born in Newark, New Jersey, where she was drum majorette ofWeequahic High School's band, and she was educated at Stanford University and the University
of Michigan. She has taught at Tufts University, Harvard University,and Wellesley College, where she has directed the Writing Program. In addition to annotations on students'
compositions, she has written poems and verse translations, and she is the coauthor of several books on writing.
Preface xvii
PART ONE The Writing Process 1
CHAPTER 1 Developing Ideas 2
STARTING 2
How to Write: Writing as a Physical Act 2
Some Ideas About Ideas: Strategies for Invention 2
Asking Questions and Answering Them 3
Listing 5
Clustering 7
Scratch Outlining 7
Freewriting 9
FOCUSING 9
Critical Thinking: Subject, Topic, Thesis 9
Finding a Topic 10
Developing a Thesis 11
CHECKLIST
for a Thesis Sentence 13
DEVELOPING IDEAS 13
Thinking About Audience and Purpose: The Reader
as Collaborator 14
Writing the Draft 15
CHAPTER 2 Drafting and Revising 17
READING DRAFTS 17
Imagining Your Audience and Asking Questions 17
PEER REVIEW: THE BENEFITS OF HAVING A REAL
AUDIENCE 20
From Assignment to Essay: A Case History 21
CHECKLIST for Peer Review 24
First Draft 24
Summary of Peer Group Discussion 26
Final Version 28
Suki Hudson
Two Sides of a Story (Student Essay) 28
CHECKLIST for Drafting And Revising 30
CHAPTER 3 Shaping Paragraphs 31
PARAGRAPH FORM AND SUBSTANCE 31
The Shape of a Paragraph 33
PARAGRAPH UNITY: TOPIC SENTENCES, TOPIC IDEAS 34
Examples of Topic Sentences at Beginning and at End,
and of Topic Ideas 34
UNITY IN PARAGRAPHS 36
ORGANIZATION IN PARAGRAPHS 37
COHERENCE IN PARAGRAPHS 38
Transitions 39
Repetition 40
LINKING PARAGRAPHS TOGETHER 41
Cheryl Lee
The Story Behind the Gestures 41
PARAGRAPH LENGTH 45
The Use and Abuse of Short Paragraphs 45
INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPHS 48
CONCLUDING PARAGRAPHS 55
CHECKLIST for Revising Paragraphs 56
CHAPTER 4 Revising for Conciseness 57
INSTANT PROSE 58
How to Avoid Instant Prose 59
EXTRA WORDS AND EMPTY WORDS 60
Weak Intensifiers 61
Circumlocutions 61
Wordy Beginnings 62
Empty Conclusions 63
Wordy Uses of the Verbs To Be, To Have , and To Make 63
Redundancy 64
Negative Constructions 65
EXTRA SENTENCES, EXTRA CLAUSES:
SUBORDINATION 66
Who, Which, That 67
It Is, This Is, There Are 67
SOME CONCLUDING REMARKS ABOUT CONCISENESS 68
CHECKLIST for Revising For Conciseness 68
CHAPTER 5 Revising for Clarity 70
CLARITY 70
CLARITY AND EXACTNESS: USING
THE RIGHT WORD 72
Denotation 72
Connotation 73
Avoiding Sexist Language 74
Quotation Marks as Apologies 75
Being Specific 76
Using Examples 77
Jargon and Technical Language 79
Cliches 80
Metaphors and Mixed Metaphors 81
Euphemisms 83
Passive or Active Voice? 84
The Writer's I 86
CLARITY AND COHERENCE 87
Cats Are Dogs 88
Items in a Series 88
Modifiers 89
Misplaced Modifiers 89
Squinting Modifiers 90
Dangling Modifiers 91
Reference of Pronouns 91
Vague Reference of Pronouns 92
Shift in Pronouns 92
Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns 93
Agreement 93
Noun and Pronoun 93
Subject and Verb 94
Three Additional Points 94
Repetition and Variation 95
CLARITY AND SENTENCE STRUCTURE: PARALLELISM 97
CHECKLIST for Revising for Clarity 98
CHAPTER 6 Writing with Style 99
ACADEMIC STYLES, ACADEMIC AUDIENCES 99
DEFINING STYLE 102
STYLE AND TONE 103
ACQUIRING STYLE 105
Clarity and Texture 106
Originality and Imitation 106
PART TWO College Writing 107
CHAPTER 7 Using Sources 108
WHAT IS A SOURCE? 108
SUMMARIZING SOURCES 109
Writing a Summary 109
Steven Pinker
Mind Over Mass Media 110
PARAPHRASING SOURCES 115
QUOTING SOURCES 118
ACKNOWLEDGING SOURCES 122
Using Sources without Plagiarizing 122
Acknowledging a Direct Quotation 124
Acknowledging a Paraphrase or Summary 124
Acknowledging an Idea 127
Fair Use of Common Knowledge 128
But How Else Can I Put It? 128
CHECKLIST for Avoiding Plagiarism 129
A PLAGIARISM SELF-TEST 130
QUIZ YOURSELF: HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT
CITING SOURCES? 130
Section 1: Plagiarism and Academic
Dishonesty 130
Section 2: Common Knowledge 131
Section 3: Quoting, Paraphrasing, and
Summarizing Texts 132
ANSWER KEY TO PLAGIARISM QUIZ 134
Section 1: Plagiarism and Academic Dishonesty 134
Section 2: Common Knowledge 134
Section 3: Quoting, Paraphrasing,
and Summarizing Texts 135
Illegal Trade Passage 135
Romance Nove Passage 135
CHAPTER 8 Analyzing Texts 136
ANALYZING AN IMAGE 136
ANALYZING ADVERTISEMENTS (VISUAL RHETORIC) 137
Who's That Girl? An Analysis of a 2010 Dolce & Gabbana
Advertisement 139
CHECKLIST for Analyzing Advertisements 141
ANALYZING TEXTS 141
CLASSIFYING AND THINKING 142
Examples of Classifying 142
CAUSE AND EFFECT 143
Dolores Hayden
Advertisements, Pornography, and Public Space 159
ANALYSIS AND DESCRIPTION 148
Description at Work in the Analytic Essay 149
COMPARING 150
Organizing Short Comparisons 151
Longer Comparisons 154
Ways of Organizing an Essay Devoted to a Comparison 155
CHECKLIST for Revising Comparisons 158
PROCESS ANALYSIS 158
Anne Hebald Mandelbaum
It's the Portly Penguin That Gets the Girl, French Biologist Claims 159
EXPLAINING AN ANALYSIS 161
CHAPTER 9 Persuading Readers 162
EMOTIONAL APPEALS 162
MAKING REASONABLE ARGUMENTS 163
CLAIMS AND EVIDENCE 165
THREE KINDS OF CLAIMS: CLAIMS OF FACT, VALUE, AND
POLICY 165
Claims of Fact 165
Claims of Value 166
Claims of Policy 167
THREE KINDS OF EVIDENCE: EXAMPLES, TESTIMONY,
STATISTICS 167
Examples 168
Testimony 169
Statistics 170
A NOTE ON DEFINITION IN THE PERSUASIVE ESSAY 171
HOW MUCH EVIDENCE IS ENOUGH? 172
TWO KINDS OF REASONING: INDUCTION
AND DEDUCTION 172
AVOIDING FALLACIES 173
WIT 177
Avoiding Sarcasm 177
TONE AND ETHICAL APPEAL 178
CRITICAL THINKING: ASSUMPTIONS
AND IMPLICATIONS 179
ORGANIZING AN ARGUMENT 180
CHECKLIST for Revising Drafts
of Persuasive Essays 181
PERSUASION AT WORK: TWO PROFESSORS CONSIDER
LAPTOPS IN THE CLASSROOM 182
Carlo Rotella
Tuition Lost on the Tecno-Dependent 182
An Analysis of Rotella's Argument 184
Elena Choy
Laptops in the Classroom? No Problem 185
An Analysis of Choy's Argument 189
CHAPTER 10 Writing the Research Essay 190
WRITING RESEARCH ESSAYS 190
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MATERIALS 192
WHAT TO DO WITH SOURCES 193
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH TOPIC 194
Finding Sources 194
THE LIBRARY'S CENTRAL INFORMATION
SYSTEM 195
EVALUATING WEB SOURCES AND A NOTE
ON WIKIPEDIA 196
CHECKLIST for Evaluating Web Sites 198
READING AND TAKING NOTES ON SECONDARY
SOURCES 198
A Guide to Note-Taking 199
WRITING THE ESSAY 202
CHECKLIST for Revising Drafts of
Research Essays 205
A SAMPLE RESEARCH ESSAY (MLA FORMAT) 206
Beatrice Cody
Politics and Psychology in The Awakening
(Student Essay) 207
An Analysis of Cody's Use of Sources 221
A SAMPLE RESEARCH ESSAY (APA FORMAT) 222
Jacob Alexander
Nitrite: Preservative or Carcinogen? (Student Essay) 223
An Analysis of Alexander's Use of Sources 238
PART THREE A Writer's Handbook 241
CHAPTER 11 Punctuating Sentences 242
A Word on Computer Grammar and Punctuation Checks 244
THREE COMMON ERRORS: FRAGMENTS, COMMA SPLICES,
AND RUN-ON SENTENCES 244
Fragments and How to Correct Them 244
How to Correct Comma Splices and Run-on Sentences 246
THE PERIOD 248
THE QUESTION MARK 248
THE COLON 249
THE SEMICOLON 250
THE COMMA 251
THE DASH 257
PARENTHESES 258
ITALICS 259
CAPITAL LETTERS 260
THE HYPHEN 262
THE APOSTROPHE 263
ABBREVIATIONS 265
NUMBERS 266
CHAPTER 12 Using the Right Word 268
A NOTE ON IDIOMS 269
A WRITER'S GLOSSARY 270
CHAPTER 13 Documenting Sources 294
DOCUMENTATION 294
MLA FORMAT 295
Citations Within the Text 295
Author and Page Number in Parenthetic Citation 298
Title and Page Number in Parentheses 298
Author, Title, and Page Number in Parentheses 299
A Government Document or a Work of Corporate Authorship 299
A Work by Two or Three Authors 299
Parenthetic Citation of an Indirect Source (Citation of Material That
Itself Was Quoted or Summarized in Source) 300
Parenthetic Citation of Two or More Works 300
A Work in More Than One Volume 300
An Anonymous Work 301
A Literary Work 301
A Personal Interview 304
Lectures 304
Electronic Sources 304
A Note on Footnotes in an Essay Using Parenthetic Citations 305
The List of Works Cited 306
Alphabetic Order 306
Form on the Page 306
The Elements of the Citation 306
Print Sources 307
Author's Name 307
Title of Book 308
Place of Publication, Publisher, Date, and Medium of
Publication 308
A Book by More Than One Author 309
Government Documents 310
Works of Corporate Authorship 310
Republished Work 310
A Book in Several Volumes 310
One Book with a Separate Title in a Set of Volumes 311
A Book with an Author and an Editor 311
A Revised Edition of a Book 311
A Translated Book 312
An Introduction, Foreword, or Afterword 312
A Book with an Editor but No Author 312
A Work in a Volume of Works by One Author 312
A Work in a Collection of Works by Several Authors 313
A Book Review 313
An Article or Essay-Not a Reprint-in a Collection 314
An Article or Essay Reprinted in a Collection 314
An Encyclopedia or Other Alphabetically Arranged
Reference Work 315
An Article in a Scholarly Journal 315
An Article in a Weekly, Biweekly, or Monthly Publication 316
An Article in a Newspaper 316
Web Sources 317
Sources Found Through Web Sites 318
Entire Online Site 318
Part of a Site 318
Online Magazine Article 318
Online Newspaper Article 318
Online Reference Article 318
Online Scholarly Journal Article 318
Wiki 319
Blog 319
Podcast 319
Online Audio or Video 319
Sources Found Through a Database or Scholarly Project 319
Book Accessed from a Scholarly Project 319
Scholarly Journal Accessed from a Database 319
Magazine Article Accessed from a Database 320
Government Document Accessed from a Database 320
Electronic Sources Also Available in Another Medium 320
Work of Art Accessed Online 320
Film Accessed Online 320
Other Common Sources 321
An Electronic Book 321
A Video Recording or Film 321
A CD or Other Sound Recording 321
A Television or Radio Program 321
An Interview 321
An E-mail Message 322
An Oral Presentation (A Lecture, Address, or Speech) 322
Visual Art 322
Digital File 323
APA FORMAT 323
Citations Within the Text 324
A Summary of an Entire Work 324
A Reference to a Page or Pages 324
A Reference to an Author Represented by More Than One Work
Published in a Given Year in the References 325
The List of References 325
Form on the Page 325
Alphabetic Order 325
Form of Title 326
Sample References 327
A Book by One Author 327
A Book by More Than One Author 327
A Collection of Essays 327
A Work in a Collection of Essays 327
Government Documents 327
A Journal Article 327
An Article from a Monthly or Weekly Magazine 328
An Article in a Newspaper 328
A Book Review 328
Electronic Sources 328
A NOTE ON OTHER SYSTEMS OF DOCUMENTATION 330
Biology and Other Sciences 330
Chemistry 330
Journalism 330
Law 330
Medicine 330
Physics 330
CHAPTER 14 Preparing the Manuscript 331
BASIC MANUSCRIPT FORM 331
Last Words 336
\\
Credits 000
Index 000