Chapter 1. Principles of Archaeology
IntroductionFundamentals of ArchaeologyThe Discovery of Archaeological Sites * Archaeological Excavation * Analysis of Archaeological Materials * Sites and Settlements * Interpretation of Archaeological InformationSummary: The Relevance of Archaeology
Chapter 2. The First Humans
Introduction: The Dawn of HumanityHadarThe Family TreeLaetoliDating MethodsSwartkransHunters or Scavengers?OlduvaiThe Leakey FamilyKoobi ForaThe First ToolsSummary: Bones, Stones, and Human Behavior in the Plio/Pleistocene
Chapter 3. Out of Africa: Homo erectus
Introduction: From Hominid to HumanThe Paleolithic PeriodTrinilClimate and Environment in the PleistoceneZhoukoudianThe First EuropeansTerra AmataPleistocene MammalsKalambo Falls and OlorgesailieThe Acheulean HandaxeSummary: The End of the Lower Paleolithic
Chapter 4. The Hunters
Introduction: The Rise of Homo sapiensThe Origins of LanguageThe Klasies River Mouth CavesModern and Ancient DNAThe Valley of the NeanderthalsShanidar CavePalynology * The Fate of the Neanderthals * The Upper PaleolithicDolni VestoniceThe Cave of LascauxPortable ArtPinceventSymbols and NotationLake Mungo, AustraliaRadiocarbon DatingBeringiaMonte VerdeLindenmeierPleistocene ExtinctionSummary: The End of the Paleolithic
Chapter 5. Postglacial Foragers
Introduction: The World After 8000 B.C.Mount SandelThe Postglacial Environment of EuropeVedbaekBone Chemistry and Prehistoric SubsistenceElands Bay CaveNittanoCarrier MillsThe Human SkeletonGatecliff ShelterSummary: Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers
Chapter 6. The Origins of Agriculture
Introduction: The First Farmers'Ain MallahaWheat, Barley, Pigs, Goats, and SheepAbu HureyraPaleoethnobotanyJerichoArchaeozoologyCatalhoeyukMehrgarhPotteryBan-po-ts'unRiceSpirit CaveEarly Metallurgy in ThailandGuila Naquitz CaveZea maysTehuacanGuitarrero CaveAgriculture in Native North America * Breast-Feeding and Birth SpacingSummary: The Spread of Agriculture
Chapter 7. Native North Americans
Introduction: The Diversity of Native American LifePoverty PointHopewellThe Archaeology of ExchangeCahokiaMonumental ArchitectureMoundvilleGrave GoodsThe Draper SiteSnaketownStudying Community Plan at SnaketownChaco CanyonOzetteChiefsSummary: The Clash of Worlds
Chapter 8. Ancient Mesoamerica
Introduction: Early State Development in MesoamericaSan Jose MogoteNonresidential ArchitectureSan LorenzoThe Olmec HorizonEl MiradorCarved StoneMonte AlbanSettlement Pattern SurveysTeotihuacanThe Mesoamerican BallgameTikalRaised and Drained Fields * Tikal's Monument RecordPalenqueWriting and CalendarsTulaChichen ItzaTenochtitlanAztec Markets * Human Sacrifice and CannibalismSummary: The End of Prehispanic Civilizations in Mexico
Chapter 9. South America: The Inca and Their Predecessors
Introduction: Prehispanic South AmericaEl ParaisoThe Maritime HypothesisChavin de HuantarThe Textiles of ParacasMocheThe Nazca LinesSipanTiwanakuChan ChanCuzco and Machu PicchuInca HighwaysHuanuco PampaSummary: The Organization of State Society
Chapter 10. Old World States and Empires
Introduction: The Old World After the Transition to AgricultureEriduTemplesUrukEarly Writing SystemsHarappa and Mohenjo-daroEconomic SpecializationHierakonpolisThe Cemetery at HierakonpolisGiza and Dynastic EgyptPyramidsAn-yangThe Roots of Chinese CuisineXianyangJenne-jenoGreat ZimbabweSummary: Theories of State Development
Chapter 11. Prehistoric Europe
Introduction: From the First Farmers to the Roman EmpireFranchthi CaveVarnaThe IcemanCharavinesThe Megaliths of Western EuropeStonehengeThe Aegean Bronze AgeKnossosMycenaeThe Bronze Age North of the AlpsBorum EshojVixThe Bog PeopleMaiden CastleSummary: Lessons from Prehistoric Europe
In Conclusion The Past as Present and Future
Appendix: Common Measurement Conversions and Equivalents
Glossary
References
Credits
Index
