Each chapter concludes with References.
Preface. About the Authors. I. The Context for Schooling in the United States.
1. Public Values and School Policy: The Roots of Conflict. Defining the Context.
Policy Instruments.
Public Values and School Policy.
Competing Values and Images of Schooling.
A Value-Added Approach to Equity and Excellence.
What Does Research Reveal About School Effects?
Three Theories of Leadership.
The School as a Moral Community.
2. Issues Shaping School Policy and Administration. School Autonomy and Governmental Control.
Local Autonomy.
Legislated Learning and Bureaucratic Teaching.
Balancing Democratic and Professional Authority.
Different Theories of Change.
Maintaining Public Confidence.
Managing Public Confidence.
II. Introduction to Educational Administration.
3. Educational Administration: An Overview. Policy and Policy in Use.
Administration Defined.
Critical Responsibilities of Administrators.
Evaluating Administrators.
Dimensions and Measures of School Effectiveness.
Critical Administrative Processes.
Critical Administrative Skills.
Educational Administration as Educational Leadership.
Managerial, Political, and Educational Roles.
Qualitative Aspects of Leadership.
The Substance of Leadership in Education.
4. Educational Administration as an Emerging Profession. The Importance of Instructional Leadership.
Background.
Recent Pressures to Reform.
The Dark Side of Professionalism.
The Changing Focus.
The New Standards for Leadership.
Appendix 4.1.
5. The Development of Thought in Educational Administration. Models of Administrative Practice.
Setting the Stage: Managers of Virtue.
Major Strands of Thought in Administration.
Concern for Efficiency.
Concern for the Person.
Concern for Politics.
Concern for Culture.
Educational Administration as an Applied Science.
A Reflective-Practice Perspective.
Educational Administration as a Moral Craft.
6. Administrative Work, Roles, and Tasks. The Work-Activity School.
The Nature of Managerial Work: Mintzberg.
Variations in Administrators' Work.
The Seven Basic Competencies.
7. Women in Administration. Women in the Superintendency.
Women and the School Principalship.
Women's Presence in Successful Schools.
The Woman's View.
III. Teachers, Principals, and Superintendents.
8. Students and Teachers Today. The Role of Students.
The Role of Teacher.
Two Conceptions of the Teacher's Role.
Instruction, Management, and Politics.
The Workplace for Teachers.
The Impact of Teacher Isolation and Uncertainty.
The Importance of Collaborative Work.
9. The Principalship Today. History of the Role.
Who Principals Are Today.
How They See Their Jobs.
The Role Today.
The Role in the Future.
New Definitions of the Principal's Role.
10. The Superintendency Today. The History and Evolution of the Role.
Who Superintendents Are Today.
The Three Dimensions of the Role.
The Myth of Heroic Leadership.
The Superintendent as Teacher.
Superintendents and Political Conflict.
IV. Introduction to Governance in Education.
11. Schools as Political Systems. System Shock.
Decisional Power.
Politics and School Policy.
Politics, Government, and Challenge.
A Paradigm of Educational Policy Making.
The Apolitical Myth of Schooling.
A Look Ahead.
12. The Local System of Policy Making. Individual Access to Decision Making.
Referenda and Policy Making.
The Pressure Group Context of Local Schools.
Superintendents, Pressures, and Outcomes.
The School Board Context of Policy.
Micropolitics Within Local Schools.
The Principal: Pressure and Leadership.
13. The State Level of Policy Making. Growth of the State System.
State Differences in School Policy.
The Policy-Making Process of States.
Pressure Groups.
Policy Authorization.
Evaluation of State Reform.
Political Culture and State Results.
14. The Federal Level of Policy Making. The History of Federal Educational Policy.
Sputnik to 1972.
The Last Quarter-Century.
Federal Education Policies.
The Politics of Federal Aid.
The Limits of Federal Aid.
Courts, Politics, and Policy.
Courts in Action: Desegregation.
V. Legal and Financial Considerations.
15. The Legal Foundation for Public Education: An Overview. Federal Constitution.
State Constitutions.
Federal Legislation.
State Legislation.
Federal Agencies.
State Agencies.
Local School Boards.
Contract Law.
Common Law.
The Three-Tiered State Judicial System.
The Three-Tiered Federal Judicial System.
Preventive Law.
16. Leading Public Schools: Legal Considerations. Legal Principles.
Promoting Fairness in Government Actions.
Safeguarding Individuals From Discrimination.
Protecting Individual Liberties.
Distinguishing Private Actors from Government Actors.
Privacy Rights: Search and Seizure.
Sexual Harassment.
Students' Free Expression Rights.
Religious Activities and Observances in Public Schools.
Liability for Negligence.
Liability for Impairments of Federally Protected Rights.
17. School Finance. Criteria for Evaluating Taxes.
Tax Sources.
Nontax Sources of Revenue.
Equalization Models.
Voucher Systems.
Charter Schools.
Private Management of Schools.
Equity Litigation.
Adequacy Litigation.
Special Urban and Rural Issues.
Adequately Financing Schools in an Era of Accountability.
Index. 