ContentS
Contributors 10
List of maps 13
List of time charts 14
List of illustrations/photographs 15
Preface 18
Preface to the Revised Edition 19
Part 1: Beginnings ad 1-325 23
1. Jesus: His life, ministry, death and its consequences 24
The Thought-world of Early Christianity 27
2. The Church Begins: From Jerusalem to Rome 35
Peter 36
Paul 40
3. Establishing Christianity: Challenges to the New Faith 46
The Religions of the Romans 48
Marcion 50
Tertullian 51
Origen 53
4. Spreading the Good News: How and why Christianity expanded 58
5. Archaeology and Earliest Christianity: What archaeologists can - and cannot - illuminate 63
6. What the First Christians Believed: The faith is defined 67
The Gnostics 68
Eusebius: 'Father of Church History' 75
Clement of Rome 76
Justin Martyr: Christian apologist 77
Ignatius of Antioch 79
Irenaeus 80
Baptism 84
Cyprian of Carthage 88
The Manichaeans 91
7. How the First Christians Worshipped 92
How the New Testament Came Down to Us 98
The Early Church Recognizes the New Testament 101
Study questions 102
Part 2. A cceptance and Conquest: ad 325-600 103
8. Constantine and the Christian Empire: Christianity recognized 104
Ambrose of Milan 112
9. Councils and Creeds: Defining and defending the faith 117
Athanasius 121
Basil the Great 129
Nestorius 134
Cyril of Alexandria 135
Leo the Great 136
10. Buildings and Belief: Early church structures 140
11. Worship and the Christian Year: The making of the Christian Calendar 143
12. Clergy, Bishops, and Pope: The church builds an organisation 148
13. The Church in North Africa: The making of a distinctive tradition 153
Augustine of Hippo 154
14. The Fall of the Roman Empire: How and why it came to an end 160
Jerome 162
Boethius 168
15. Ascetics and Monks: The rise of Christian monasticism 169
Cassiodorus 174
Patrick: Missionary to the Irish 176
Columba: Celtic missionary 177
Study questions 182
Part 3: A Christian Society: ad 600-1500 183
16. The West in Crisis 184
Gregory the Great 185
Alcuin 194
17. The Eastern Church 202
John Chrysostom: master preacher 206
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite 207
The Paulicians and the Bogomils 212
18. Flowering: the Western Church: Reform and resurgence 215
Thomas Becket 217
Pope Innocent III 219
Bernard of Clairvaux 222
Francis of Assisi 223
The Waldensians 235
The Sacraments in Medieval Europe 242
Anselm 244
Peter Abelard 245
Introduction to The History of Christianity 7
Thomas Aquinas 250
Popular Religion 256
19. Monasticism in the West 258
Interpreting the Bible in the Middle Ages 267
20. The Orthodox Church in Eastern Europe and Russia 269
The Slavic Bible 270
21. An Age of Unrest: The Western Church in the Late Middle Ages 275
Jan Hus 281
Savonarola 284
John Wyclif 287
William of Ockham 289
Study questions 292
Part 4: R eform and Renewal: 1500-1650 293
22. Seeds of Renewal: The origins of the Reformation 294
23. Reformation 304
Martin Luther 304
John Calvin 306
The Faith of the Protestants 310
Philipp Melanchthon 312
Huldrych Zwingli 315
Theodore Beza 316
Martin Bucer 321
Thomas Cranmer 322
Puritans and Separatists 323
Post-Reformation Church Architecture 324
The Unitarians 326
24. A Flood of Bibles: Scripture in the vernacular 329
William Tyndale and the English Bible 331
25. The Radical Reformation: the Anabaptists 334
The First English Baptists 338
John Bunyan 339
26. The Catholic Reformation 341
Gasparo Contarini 342
Ignatius of Loyola 347
The Jesuits 350
Teresa of Avila 354
John of the Cross 355
George Fox and the Quakers 359
27. Art and the Spirit: Christianity and its cultural expression 361
Study questions 366
Part 5: R eason, Revival, and Revolution 1650-1789 367
28. Expansion Worldwide: European missions 368
The First English Missions 381
29. Awakening: The Evangelical Revival and the Great Awakening 386
Jonathan Edwards 390
George Whitefield 391
Philipp Spener 393
Nikolaus von Zinzendorf 394
John and Charles Wesley 397
Hymns and Church Music 403
Christianity and the Rise of Modern Science 406
30. Reason and Unreason: The rise of rationalism 408
Blaise Pascal 409
The Reasonableness of Christianity 418
31. The Russian Church: 1500-1900 420
Study questions 424
Part 6: C ities and Empires 1789-1914 425
32. Europe in Revolt: Church and State in the Nineteenth Century 426
Pope Pius IX 433
33. The First Industrial Nation: The Industrial Revolution and the British Churches 440
William Wilberforce 447
The Oxford Movement 450
The Brethren 452
C. H. Spurgeon: 'Prince of Preachers' 453
John Henry Newman 455
The Evangelicals 457
34. A Crusade Among Equals: Revivalism, Abolition, and Evangelism in the USA 459
D. L. Moody: Mass evangelist 460
Hymns and Church Music after 1800 463
35. A World Come of Age: Science and philosophy challenge Christianity 465
Friedrich Schleiermacher 468
36. Outposts of Empire: The nineteenth-century missionary explosion 472
William Carey 475
The Bible Societies 476
David Livingstone 484
Hudson Taylor 487
Introduction to The History of Christianity 9
Samuel Ajayi Crowther 489
Study questions 494
Part 7: A Century of Conflict 1914-2001 495
37. An Age of Ideology: nationalism, Communism, and individualism take on
Christianity 496
The Christian Church and the Jews 504
Billy Graham 514
Martin Luther King 521
Christians, War, and Peace 524
38. An Age of Anxiety: Theological thinking in troubled era 526
Albert Schweitzer 527
Dietrich Bonhoeffer 535
39. Pentecostalism and the Charismatic Movement 550
African Independent Churches 554
40. The Arts in the Christian West 557
C. S. Lewis 559
41. Organizing for Unity 561
Pope John XXIII 563
42. An Age of Liberation 565
Helder Camara 570
Study questions 576
Part 8: Ep ilogue: A New Millennium 577
43. Present and Future: The church in an ever-changing world 578
Further Resources on the History of Christianity 590
Glossary 591
Index 607
