(Each chapter concludes with Summary.)
1. Introduction to the Study of Stereotyping and Prejudice. Defining Stereotype.
Defining Prejudice.
The Link Between Stereotyping and Prejudice.
Early Perspectives in Stereotyping Research.
The Social Cognition Revolution.
The Social Cognition View of Stereotyping and Prejudice.
2. Origin and Maintenance of Stereotypes and Prejudice. The Formation of Stereotypes.
How and Why Stereotypes Are Maintained.
Origins of Prejudice.
3. Feeling and Thinking in the Activation of Stereotypes. Mood.
Cognition.
Issues for Future Research.
4. The Prejudiced Personality: Are Some People More Likely to Feel Prejudice? Psychodynamic perspectives.
Right-Wing Authoritarianism.
Religion.
Need for Cognition.
Need for Structure.
Need for Cognitive Closure.
Social Dominance Orientation.
5. Old-Fashioned vs. Modern Racism. Where Have All the Bigots Gone?
Modern Racism.
Symbolic Racism.
Aversive Racism.
Summary of Contemporary Theories of Prejudice.
Measuring Stereotyping and Prejudice.
6. Experiencing Prejudice. Social Stigma.
Group Identification.
Stereotype Threat.
Self-Esteem.
Intergroup Interactions.
Attributional Ambiguity.
7. Ageism. Why Ageism? (And What About Other -ism's?)
Does Ageism Really Exist?
Age Stereotypes: Content and Use.
Positive Attitudes and Positive Stereotypes.
Effects of Pseudopositive Attitudes.
Ageism in the Helping Professions.
Origins of Ageism.
Maintenance of Ageism.
Juvenile Ageism.
Beliefs and Expectations About Old Age.
Age Discrimination.
Prominence of Age as a Variable in Social Perception.
Contact with the Elderly.
Cross-Cultural Differences in Ageism.
Issues for Future Research.
8. Sexism. Gender Stereotypes.
Measurement of Gender Stereotypes.
Origin of Gender Stereotypes.
Accuracy of Gender Stereotypes.
Sexist Language.
Types of Sexism.
Effects of Sexism on Women.
Gender Discrimination.
9. Reducing Prejudice. The Contact Hypothesis.
Sherif's (1961) Robber's Cave study: The Superordinate Goal.
The Confrontation Technique of Rokeach.
The Jigsaw Classroom.
Education, Empathy, and Role-Playing.
Summary.
Current Approaches to Prejudice Reduction.
10. Trends and Unanswered Questions in Prejudice Research. Prejudice Against Other Groups.
Understanding the Dynamic Nature of Intergroup Relations.
Motivation and Prejudice.
Implicit and Automatic Stereotyping.
To Individuate, or Stereotype? That IS the Question.