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Every chapter concludes with Warm-Up Exercises, Applications, Issue for Extended Analysis
To the Instructor
PART I: Be Aware
1 Developing Your Thinking: An Overview
What Is Thinking?
The Importance of Thinking
Brain and Mind at Work
Good Thinking Is a Habit
The Structure of This Book
Getting the Most from Your Efforts
Using Feelings to Advantage
Learning to Concentrate
Coping with Frustration
Making Discussion Meaningful
Preliminary Thinking Strategies
2 Establish a Foundation
Free Will versus Determinism
What Is Truth?
What Is Knowing?
Ways of Knowing
The Problem of Remembering
What Are Opinions
Understanding Cause and Effect
Debating Moral Questions
The Basis of Moral Judgment
Dealing with Dilemmas
3 Broaden Your Perspective
Becoming an Individual
Habits That Hinder Thinking
Overcoming Bad Habits
4 Be a Critical Reader, Listener, and Viewer
Critical Evaluation Defined
Making Important Distinctions
A Strategy for Critical Reading
A Sample Evaluation and Judgment
A Strategy for Critical Listening
A Strategy for Critical Viewing
PART II: Be Creative
5 The Creative Process
Key Facts About Creativity
Characteristics of Creative People
Applying Creativity to Problems and Issues
Stages in the Creative Process
6 Search for Challenges
The Importance of Curiosity
How Curiosity Is Lost
Regaining Your Curiosity
Six Helpful Techniques
7 Express the Problem or Issue
Distinguishing Problems from Issues
Expressing Problems
Expressing Issues
When Problems Become Issues
Guidelines for Expressing Problems and Issues
Benefits of Careful Expression
A Sample Problem
A Sample Issue
8 Investigate the Problem or Issue
What to Look For
Using the Library
Using the Internet
Maintaining a Questioning Perspective
Managing an Interview
Avoiding Plagiarism
Conducting Your Own Research
Keeping Creativity Alive
9 Produce Ideas
Stimulating Your Imagination
Aiming for Originality
Withholding Judgment
Overcoming Obstacles
How Insight Occurs
A Sample Problem
A Sample Issue
PART III: Be Critical
10 The Role of Criticism
Why Criticism Is Necessary
Focus on Your Ideas
Overcoming Obstacles to Critical Thinking
Applying Curiosity
Avoiding Assumptions
Refining Your Solutions to Problems
A Sample Problem
Refining Your Positions on Issues
A Sample Issue
11 Refine Your Solution to the Problem
Three Steps in Refining
Two Sample Problems
12 Evaluate Your Argument on the Issue
Errors Affecting Truth
Errors Affecting Validity
A Special Problem: The Hidden Premise
Recognizing Complex Arguments
Steps in Evaluating an Argument
The Case of Parents Protesting TV
The Case of the Mentally Impaired Girls
13 Refine Your Resolution of the Issue
Step 1: Deciding What Action Should Be Taken
Step 2: Recognizing and Overcoming Difficulties
Should Children Pledge Allegiance?
Should the Miranda Rule Be Abolished?
PART IV: Communicate Your Ideas
14 Persuading Others
Understanding Why People Reject Ideas
Knowing Your Audience
Anticipating Your Audience's Objections
Presenting Your Ideas to Advantage
The Importance of Timing
15 Writing and Speaking Effectively
Characteristics of Effective Writing
A Step-by-Step Approach to Composition
Developing a Readable Style
A Sample Composition
The Challenge of Effective Speaking
Types of Speeches
Organizing Your Material
Sample Outline and Speech
Practicing the Delivery
Solutions to Sample Problems
Notes
Index