Introduction xxvii
Part I: Networking Fundamentals 3
Chapter 1 Introduction to Computer Networking 5
Perspectives on Networking 5
The Flintstones Network: The First Computer Network? 8
Chapter 2 The TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models 17
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 17
Foundation Topics 21
TCP/IP Networking Model 21
History Leading to TCP/IP 21
Overview of the TCP/IP Networking Model 23
TCP/IP Application Layer 24
TCP/IP Transport Layer 26
TCP/IP Internet Layer 29
TCP/IP Network Access Layer 33
TCP/IP Model and Terminology 34
OSI Networking Model 37
Comparing OSI and TCP/IP 37
Describing Protocols by Referencing the OSI Layers 38
OSI Layers and Their Functions 39
OSI Layering Concepts and Benefits 41
OSI Encapsulation Terminology 42
Exam Preparation Tasks 43
Review All the Key Topics 43
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 43
Definitions of Key Terms 43
OSI Reference 44
Chapter 3 Fundamentals of LANs 47
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 47
Foundation Topics 51
An Overview of Modern Ethernet LANs 51
A Brief History of Ethernet 54
The Original Ethernet Standards: 10BASE2 and 10BASE5 54
Repeaters 56
Building 10BASE-T Networks with Hubs 57
Ethernet UTP Cabling 58
UTP Cables and RJ-45 Connectors 58
Transmitting Data Using Twisted Pairs 60
UTP Cabling Pinouts for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX 61
1000BASE-T Cabling 64
Improving Performance by Using Switches Instead of Hubs 64
Increasing Available Bandwidth Using Switches 67
Doubling Performance by Using Full-Duplex Ethernet 68
Ethernet Layer 1 Summary 69
Ethernet Data-Link Protocols 69
Ethernet Addressing 70
Ethernet Framing 71
Identifying the Data Inside an Ethernet Frame 73
Error Detection 74
Exam Preparation Tasks 75
Review All the Key Topics 75
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 75
Definitions of Key Terms 75
Chapter 4 Fundamentals of WANs 77
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 77
Foundation Topics 80
OSI Layer 1 for Point-to-Point WANs 80
WAN Connections from the Customer Viewpoint 83
WAN Cabling Standards 84
Clock Rates, Synchronization, DCE, and DTE 86
Building a WAN Link in a Lab 87
Link Speeds Offered by Telcos 88
OSI Layer 2 for Point-to-Point WANs 89
HDLC 89
Point-to-Point Protocol 91
Point-to-Point WAN Summary 91
Frame Relay and Packet-Switching Services 92
The Scaling Benefits of Packet Switching 92
Frame Relay Basics 93
Exam Preparation Tasks 97
Review All the Key Topics 97
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 97
Definitions of Key Terms 97
Chapter 5 Fundamentals of IPv4 Addressing and Routing 99
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 99
Foundation Topics 104
Overview of Network Layer Functions 104
Routing (Forwarding) 105
Network Layer Interaction with the Data Link Layer 107
IP Packets and the IP Header 108
Network Layer (Layer 3) Addressing 109
Routing Protocols 110
IP Addressing 111
IP Addressing Definitions 111
How IP Addresses Are Grouped 112
Classes of Networks 113
IP Routing 120
Host Routing 120
Router Forwarding Decisions and the IP Routing Table 121
IP Routing Protocols 124
Network Layer Utilities 127
Address Resolution Protocol and the Domain Name System 127
Address Assignment and DHCP 129
ICMP Echo and the ping Command 131
Exam Preparation Tasks 132
Review All the Key Topics 132
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 133
Definitions of Key Terms 133
Chapter 6 Fundamentals of TCP/IP Transport, Applications, and Security 135
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 135
Foundation Topics 139
TCP/IP Layer 4 Protocols: TCP and UDP 139
Transmission Control Protocol 140
User Datagram Protocol 151
TCP/IP Applications 152
QoS Needs and the Impact of TCP/IP Applications 152
The World Wide Web, HTTP, and SSL 155
Network Security 159
Perspectives on the Sources and Types of Threats 160
Firewalls and the Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) 164
Anti-x 166
Intrusion Detection and Prevention 166
Virtual Private Networks (VPN) 167
Exam Preparation Tasks 169
Review All the Key Topics 169
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 169
Definitions of Key Terms 169
Part II: LAN Switching 171
Chapter 7 Ethernet LAN Switching Concepts 173
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 173
Foundation Topics 177
LAN Switching Concepts 177
Historical Progression: Hubs, Bridges, and Switches 177
Switching Logic 180
LAN Switching Summary 188
LAN Design Considerations 189
Collision Domains and Broadcast Domains 189
Virtual LANs (VLAN) 193
Campus LAN Design Terminology 194
Ethernet LAN Media and Cable Lengths 197
Exam Preparation Tasks 200
Review All the Key Topics 200
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 200
Definitions of Key Terms 201
Chapter 8 Operating Cisco LAN Switches 203
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 203
Foundation Topics 206
Accessing the Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch CLI 206
Cisco Catalyst Switches and the 2960 Switch 207
Switch Status from LEDs 208
Accessing the Cisco IOS CLI 211
User and Enable (Privileged) Modes 216
CLI Help Features 217
The debug and show Commands 219
Configuring Cisco IOS Software 220
Configuration Submodes and Contexts 221
Storing Switch Configuration Files 223
Copying and Erasing Configuration Files 226
Initial Configuration (Setup Mode) 227
Exam Preparation Tasks 232
Review All the Key Topics 232
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 232
Definitions of Key Terms 232
Command References 232
Chapter 9 Ethernet Switch Configuration 237
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 237
Foundation Topics 241
Configuration of Features in Common with Routers 241
Securing the Switch CLI 241
Console and vty Settings 251
LAN Switch Configuration and Operation 254
Configuring the Switch IP Address 254
Configuring Switch Interfaces 257
Port Security 259
VLAN Configuration 262
Securing Unused Switch Interfaces 265
Exam Preparation Tasks 267
Review All the Key Topics 267
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 267
Definitions of Key Terms 268
Command References 268
Chapter 10 Ethernet Switch Troubleshooting 273
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 273
Foundation Topics 277
Perspectives on Network Verification and Troubleshooting 277
Attacking Sim Questions 277
Simlet Questions 278
Multiple-Choice Questions 279
Approaching Questions with an Organized Troubleshooting Process 279
Isolating Problems at Layer 3, and Then at Layers 1 and 2 281
Troubleshooting as Covered in This Book 282
Verifying the Network Topology with Cisco Discovery Protocol 283
Analyzing Layer 1 and 2 Interface Status 288
Interface Status Codes and Reasons for Nonworking States 288
Interface Speed and Duplex Issues 290
Common Layer 1 Problems on Working Interfaces 293
Analyzing the Layer 2 Forwarding Path with the MAC Address Table 295
Analyzing the Forwarding Path 298
Port Security and Filtering 299
Exam Preparation Tasks 301
Review All the Key Topics 301
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 301
Definitions of Key Terms 301
Command References 301
Chapter 11 Wireless LANs 305
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 305
Foundation Topics 308
Wireless LAN Concepts 308
Comparisons with Ethernet LANs 309
Wireless LAN Standards 310
Modes of 802.11 Wireless LANs 311
Wireless Transmissions (Layer 1) 313
Media Access (Layer 2) 320
Deploying WLANs 321
Wireless LAN Implementation Checklist 321
Wireless LAN Security 326
WLAN Security Issues 326
The Progression of WLAN Security Standards 328
Exam Preparation Tasks 333
Review All the Key Topics 333
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 333
Definitions of Key Terms 333
Part III: IPv4 Addressing and Subnetting 335
Chapter 12 Perspectives on IPv4 Subnetting 337
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 337
Foundation Topics 340
Introduction to Subnetting 340
Subnetting Defined Through a Simple Example 340
Operational View Versus Design View of Subnetting 341
Analyze Subnetting and Addressing Needs 342
Rules About Which Hosts Are in Which Subnet 342
Determining the Number of Subnets 344
Determining the Number of Hosts per Subnet 345
One Size Subnet Fits All-Or Not 346
Defining the Size of a Subnet 346
Make Design Choices 349
Choose a Classful Network 350
Choose the Mask 354
Build a List of All Subnets 359
Plan the Implementation 360
Choose Static and Dynamic Ranges per Subnet 362
Exam Preparation Tasks 364
Review All the Key Topics 364
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 364
Definitions of Key Terms 364
Chapter 13 Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks 367
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 367
Foundation Topics 369
Classful Network Concepts 369
IPv4 Network Classes and Related Facts 369
Number of Hosts per Network 373
Deriving the Network ID and Related Numbers 373
Practice with Classful Networks 376
Practice Deriving Key Facts Based on an IP Address 377
Practice Remembering the Details of Address Classes 377
Additional Practice 378
Exam Preparation Tasks 379
Review All the Key Topics 379
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 379
Definitions of Key Terms 379
Practice 379
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 380
Answers to Practice Problem 7 380
Answers to Practice Problem 8 381
Answers to Practice Problem 9 381
Chapter 14 Converting Subnet Masks 383
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 383
Foundation Topics 366
Subnet Mask Conversion 386
Three Mask Formats 386
Converting Between Binary and Prefix Masks 387
Converting Between Binary and DDN Masks 388
Converting Between Prefix and DDN Masks 390
Practice Converting Subnet Masks 391
Practice Problems for This Chapter 391
Additional Practice 392
Exam Preparation Tasks 393
Review All the Key Topics 393
Definitions of Key Terms 393
Practice 393
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 394
Chapter 15 Analyzing Existing Subnet Masks 397
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 397
Foundation Topics 400
Defining the Format of IPv4 Addresses 400
Masks Divide the Subnet's Addresses into Two Parts 401
Masks and Class Divide Addresses into Three Parts 402
Classless and Classful Addressing 403
Calculations Based on the IPv4 Address Format 403
Practice Analyzing Subnet Masks 405
Practice Problems for This Chapter 406
Additional Practice 407
Exam Preparation Tasks 408
Review All the Key Topics 408
Definitions of Key Terms 408
Practice 408
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 408
Chapter 16 Designing Subnet Masks 411
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 411
Foundation Topics 414
Choosing the Mask(s) to Meet Requirements 414
Review: Choosing the Minimum Number of Subnet and Host Bits 414
No Masks Meet Requirements 416
One Mask Meets Requirements 417
Multiple Masks Meet Requirements 418
The Formal Process 421
Practice Choosing Subnet Masks 422
Practice Problems for This Chapter 422
Additional Practice 423
Exam Preparation Tasks 424
Review All the Key Topics 424
Definitions of Key Terms 424
Practice 424
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 425
Chapter 17 Analyzing Existing Subnets 427
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 427
Foundation Topics 430
Defining a Subnet 430
An Example with Network 172.16.0.0 and Four Subnets 430
Subnet ID Concepts 432
Subnet Broadcast Address 433
Range of Usable Addresses 434
Analyzing Existing Subnets: Binary 434
Finding the Subnet ID: Binary 435
Finding the Subnet Broadcast: Binary 437
Binary Practice Problems 438
Shortcut for the Binary Process 440
Brief Note About Boolean Math 442
Finding the Range of Addresses 442
Analyzing Existing Subnets: Decimal 442
Analysis with Easy Masks 443
Predictability in the Interesting Octet 444
Finding the Subnet ID: Difficult Masks 446
Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Difficult Masks 449
Practice Analyzing Existing Subnets 451
A Choice: Memorize or Calculate 451
Practice Problems for This Chapter 452
Additional Practice 452
Exam Preparation Tasks 453
Review All the Key Topics 453
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 453
Definitions of Key Terms 453
Practice 454
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 454
Chapter 18 Finding All Subnet IDs 459
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 459
Foundation Topics 462
Finding All Subnet IDs 462
First Subnet ID: The Zero Subnet 462
Finding the Pattern Using the Magic Number 463
A Formal Process with Less Than 8 Subnet Bits 464
Example 1: Network 172.16.0.0, Mask 255.255.240.0 465
Example 2: Network 192.168.1.0, Mask 255.255.255.224 467
Finding All Subnets with Exactly 8 Subnet Bits 469
Finding All Subnets with More Than 8 Subnet Bits 469
Practice Finding All Subnet IDs 472
Practice Problems for This Chapter 473
Additional Practice 473
Exam Preparation Tasks 474
Review All the Key Topics 474
Definitions of Key Terms 474
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 474
Answer, Practice Problem 1 474
Answer, Practice Problem 2 475
Answer, Practice Problem 3 476
Part IV: IPv4 Routing 479
Chapter 19 Operating Cisco Routers 481
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 481
Foundation Topics 485
Installing Cisco Routers 485
Installing Enterprise Routers 485
Installing Internet Access Routers 489
Regarding the SOHO Devices Used in This Book 491
Cisco Router IOS CLI 491
Comparisons Between the Switch CLI and Router CLI 492
Router Interfaces 493
Router Auxiliary (Aux) Port 499
Initial Configuration (Setup Mode) 499
Upgrading Cisco IOS Software and the Cisco IOS Software Boot Process 502
Upgrading a Cisco IOS Software Image into Flash Memory 502
The Cisco IOS Software Boot Sequence 505
Exam Preparation Tasks 513
Review All the Key Topics 513
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 513
Definitions of Key Terms 514
Read Appendix J Scenario 2 514
Command References 514
Chapter 20 Routing Protocol Concepts and Configuration 517
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 517
Foundation Topics 521
Connected and Static Routes 521
Connected Routes 521
Static Routes 524
Extended ping Command 526
Default Routes 528
Routing Protocol Overview 530
RIP-2 Basic Concepts 531
Comparing and Contrasting IP Routing Protocols 532
Interior and Exterior Routing Protocols 533
Summary of Interior Routing Protocols 537
Configuring and Verifying RIP-2 538
RIP-2 Configuration 538
RIP-2 Verification 540
Exam Preparation Tasks 549
Review All the Key Topics 549
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 549
Definitions of Key Terms 550
Command References 550
Chapter 21 Troubleshooting IP Routing 553
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 553
Foundation Topics 557
IP Troubleshooting Tips and Tools 557
IP Addressing 557
Host Networking Commands 560
Troubleshooting Host Routing Problems 564
Finding the Matching Route on a Router 565
Troubleshooting Commands 567
A Routing Troubleshooting Scenario 573
Scenario Part A: Tasks and Questions 573
Scenario Part A: Answers 576
Scenario Part B: Analyze Packet/Frame Flow 577
Scenario Part B: Answers 578
Scenario Part C: Analyze Connected Routes 585
Scenario Part C: Answers 585
Exam Preparation Tasks 587
Review All the Key Topics 587
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 588
Command Reference 588
Part V: Wide-Area Networks 591
Chapter 22 WAN Concepts 593
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 593
Foundation Topics 596
WAN Technologies 596
Perspectives on the PSTN 596
Analog Modems 599
Digital Subscriber Line 601
Cable Internet 605
Comparison of Remote-Access Technologies 607
ATM 607
Packet Switching Versus Circuit Switching 609
Ethernet as a WAN Service 609
IP Services for Internet Access 610
Address Assignment on the Internet Access Router 611
Routing for the Internet Access Router 612
NAT and PAT 613
Exam Preparation Tasks 618
Review All the Key Topics 618
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 618
Definitions of Key Terms 619
Chapter 23 WAN Configuration 621
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 621
Foundation Topics 624
Configuring Point-to-Point WANs 624
Configuring HDLC 624
Configuring PPP 627
Configuring and Troubleshooting Internet Access Routers 628
Internet Access Router: Configuration Steps 629
Internet Access Router Verification 639
Exam Preparation Tasks 642
Review All the Key Topics 642
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory 642
Definitions of Key Terms 642
Command References 642
Part VI: Final Preparation 645
Chapter 24 Final Preparation 647
Tools for Final Preparation 647
Pearson Cert Practice Test Engine and Questions on the DVD 647
The Cisco Learning Network 650
Subnetting Preparation Tools 650
Scenarios 651
Study Plan 651
Recall the Facts 652
Practice Subnetting 652
Build Troubleshooting Skills Using Scenarios 654
Studying for ICND1 640-822 or CCNA 640-802 654
Summary 655
Part VII: Appendixes 657
Appendix A Answers to the "Do I Know This Already?" Quizzes 659
Appendix B Numeric Reference Tables 681
Appendix C ICND1 Exam Updates: Version 1.0 689
Glossary 693
Part VIII: DVD-Only
Appendix D Practice for Chapter 13: Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks
Appendix E Practice for Chapter 14: Converting Subnet Masks
Appendix F Practice for Chapter 15: Analyzing Existing Subnet Masks
Appendix G Practice for Chapter 16: Designing Subnet Masks
Appendix H Practice for Chapter 17: Analyzing Existing Subnets
Appendix I Practice for Chapter 18: Finding All Subnet IDs
Appendix J Additional Scenarios
Appendix K Subnetting Video Reference
Appendix L Memory Tables
Appendix M Memory Tables Answer Key
Appendix N ICND1 Open-Ended Questions
TOC, 8/25/2011, 9781587204258
