The European Review of Social Psychology is an annual series that reflects the dynamism of social psychology in Europe and the attention now paid to European ideas and research. Although open to authors from all nations, one of its major purposes is to further the international exchange of ideas by providing an outlet for substantial accounts of theoretical and empirical work that has not been previously published in English. With the help of an editorial board consisting of senior scholars from various European countries and the USA, the editors invite outstanding researchers to contribute to these volumes. The emphasis of these contributions is on critical assessment of major areas of research and of substantial individual programmes of research as well as on topics and initiatives of contemporary interest and originality. The authors of this ninth volume are drawn from Europe and the United States, and represent the international scope and quality which are the hallmarks of this series.