This study is a history of the Afrikaner Nationalists who came into power in South Africa 40 years ago, examining the origins of apartheid, its impact on African Coloured and Indian populations and the way they sought to oppose it - by passive resistance, sabotage, student revolt, guerilla activity and township rebellion. It discusses the role of leading personalities - white politicians such as Jan Smuts, Henrick Verwoerd, John Vortser and P.W. Botha, and black leaders such as Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, Albert Lutuli and Steve Biko. Economic pressure and the role of the international community, loud in its condemnation but hesitant to take action, is also covered. Martin Meredith is the author of The Past is Another Country 1979 and The First Dance of Freedom 1984.